TURBT is a reasonably safe procedure when performed by urologists in training under direct attending supervision. The complication rate was 5.8%, however only 1 case required surgical intervention. Contrary to expected findings, more senior residents were involved in the complications, likely secondary to their disproportionate roles in more difficult resections.

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The high success rate of our single, private practice experience is comparable to that of major academic centers. We believe PCNL can be safely and effectively performed in the private practice setting by urologists trained in the procedure.

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