In the Perm Region of Russia, recent social and cultural projects sponsored by energy companies prominently reference certain material qualities of oil and gas. The depth associated with the region's oil deposits is evoked in cultural heritage celebrations funded by Lukoil‐Perm, and the connectivity associated with natural gas pipelines figures in PermRegionGaz's efforts to foster new patterns of sociability. Attending to the larger material and semiotic shifts in which these projects are embedded points to a significant dimension of contemporary hydrocarbon politics and to specific ways in which corporations attempt to transform critiques of their operations. [oil, natural gas, corporations, materiality, infrastructure, corporate social responsibility, postsocialisms]
This is the introduction to a cluster ofSlavic Reviewarticles that argue for retaining and expanding the analytic rubric of postsocialism beyond the era of “transition” and beyond the conventional borders of the former Soviet bloc. With primary attention to recent developments in anthropology, Douglas Rogers outlines and evaluates three strategies for unbinding postsocialisms: exploring connections and circulations that lead outward from the formerly socialist world; embarking on new kinds of critical projects that call categories of western social science into question; and developing new varieties and vectors of comparison, especially among socialist and postsocialist contexts around the world. Each of these strategies builds upon and extends the work of the first two decades of research on eastern European and former Soviet postsocialisms. Each also points to significant areas of recent scholarship that new research on postsocialisms is primed to join.
Current and emerging capabilities of plasma-source mass spectrometry (PS-MS) as it is employed for elemental speciation analysis are reviewed. Fundamental concepts and their advantageous aspects, experimental conditions, and analytical performance are described and illustrated by recent examples from the literature. Novel instrumentation, techniques, and strategies for inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), microwave-induced plasma (MIP) mass spectrometry, glow-discharge (GD) mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization (ESI), among others, are described. The use of ionization sources that provide tunable ionization, others that can be modulated between different sets of operating conditions, and others used in parallel is also examined.
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