Cet article met à jour nos connaissances sur les liens entre appartenance ethnique et classe sociale au Canada en s'appuyant sur le document The Public Use Microdata File for Individuals, qui se fonde sur le recensement du Canada de 1991. L'analyse se fait en trois temps: on examine d'abord les liens entre l'appartenance ethnique et le niveau d'etudes par groupe ethnique; on considère ensuite les revenus en fonction du niveau d'études chez différents groupes ethniques; enfin, à l'aide de l'analyse de régression log‐linéaire, on étudie les liens entre appartenance ethnique, niveau d'études et revenu en neutralisant les effets de nombreuses autres variables sociales. On constate que, dans la plupart des catégories de niveau d'études, les Canadiens‐Français ont des revenus beaucoup plus élevés que les Canadiens‐Anglais, lorsqu'on neutralise les effets d'autres variables. À cette exception près, il n'y a presque aucune différence de revenus entre les différentes ethnies d'origine européenne possédant le même niveau d'études lorsqu'on neutralise les effets d'autres variables sociales. Toutefois, ceux qui appartiennent à des minorités visibles ont des revenus beaucoup plus modestes que les autres Canadiens, quel que soit leur niveau d'études. L'origine raciale est done devenue la principale cause d'inégalités de revenus au Canada.This paper updates our knowledge about the relationship between ethnicity and social class in Canada using The Public Use Microdata File for Individuals drawn from the 1991 Census of Canada. We provide three levels of analysis. First, we examine the relationship between ethnicity and education by ethnic group. Second, we examine the “return to education” in terms of income for those of various ethnic groups. Third, we use log‐linear regression to examine the relationship between ethnicity, education and income while controlling for the effects of a variety of other social variables. We find that, at most educational levels, Canadians of French ethnicity now earn significantly more than those of British ethnicity when other variables are controlled. With this exception, for those of European ethnic backgrounds there are now virtually no significant differences in income within educational levels when other social variables are controlled. However, those who belong to visible minorities have significantly lower incomes than other Canadians at all educational levels. Race is now the fundamental basis of income inequality in Canada.
This paper reports on semi-structured interviews with 114 Pakistani nurses. This sample comes from a larger long-term study examining the impact of advanced training in Canada on the lives and careers of nurses and lady health visitors from Pakistan. The data reported here were drawn from the first interview with all nurses, and focuses on how and why they chose a career in nursing. Demographically, the respondents (Rs) were more urban and more highly educated than the average Pakistani woman. Compared to the national population, Ismailis and Christians were over-represented and non-Ismaili Muslims under-represented in our sample. Although these ratios are also true of Pakistan's nursing population, the bias has been exaggerated by the convenience nature of our sample drawn primarily from the Aga Khan University Medical Centre. Most Rs found out about nursing through a relative or friend who was also a nurse. Eighty per cent of Rs (n = 92) reported having made the decision to pursue nursing by themselves, illustrating the increasing ability of women to control their own lives in this traditionally patriarchal society. 'Professionalism' was the predominant reason why Rs (or others) decided on nursing, followed by 'Altruism'. These findings are compared to other studies on the career choice of nurses done in non-Islamic societies. Over 90% of Rs reported receiving support from at least one friend or relative for their decision to enter nursing. Nonetheless, over half (58%) also reported that someone, most often a male relative, had opposed their career choice. Our results are discussed in terms of the status of women and nursing in Pakistan.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Canadian Journal of Sociology is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie. Abstract. In this paper, Canada's actions in its March 1995 "turbot war" with Spain are examined in the context of sociological theories dealing with moral regulation, governmentality, and ecological modernization in postmodern society. I argue that Canada's actions constitute a process which I term "the moral regulation of nature." I argue, further, that Canada's success in defending its actions in moral rather than legal terms calls into question theories of "risk society" which predict growing sub-political activity over environmental issues undermining the legitimacy of the state. I contend that Canada's moral justification of its actions demonstrates the ability of the state to adapt to the growing environmental consciousness of citizens. I conclude that Canada's actions also may be seen as an indication that the separation of nature from society which began in the Enlightenment may be coming to an end.Resume. Cet article examine les actions du Canada lors de sa "guerre du Turbot" contre l'Espagne en mars 1995. L'analyse s'inscrit dans le cadre des theories sociologiques portant sur la regulation morale, la gouvemementalit6 et la moderisation ecologique de la societe post-modeme. L'aureur affirme que les actions du Canada constituent un processus qu'il nomme "la regulation morale de la nature". Selon liu, le succes que le Canada a obtenu en d6fendant ses actions sur le plan moral plut6t que legal remet en question les theories du risque. Ces theories predisent que les enjeux environnementaux entrainent une activite pr6-politique croissante qui restreint la legitimite de l'6tat. L'article demontre, qu'au contraire, l'6tat peut s'adapter a la conscience environnementale grandissante de ses citoyens. La justification morale que le Canada a reussie a etablir pour d6fendre ses actions en serait un exemple. L'auteur conclut que les actions du Canada peuvent aussi laisser deviner la fin de la separation entre la nature et la soci6et, s6paration qui existe depuis les Lumieres.
This paper explores issues related to the nature of Canadian Studies as a discipline. It argues that Canadian Studies should forego attempts at interdisciplinarity that are rooted in other disciplines and should focus on developing an epistemology and understanding of Canadian society in its own right. It contends that such an understanding is inexorably intertwined with the nature of Canada as a society, and that the starting point for such a discipline lies in foregoing attempts to examine ways in which Canadians are similar to one another and/or how Canada is like or different from other nations. Rather, it is argued that a distinct discipline of Canadian Studies should focus on the ways in which Canadian society is “unique” in both its social and cultural organization and behaviour. It is suggested that a fundamental starting point for such an understanding involves a recognition of the ways in which Canadian society is organized to maintain diversity.
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