GA. Effects of atherogenic diet on hepatic gene expression across mouse strains.

No abstract

Karrikin (KAR1), also named ‘karrikinolide’, was isolated in 2004 from smoke water and identified as a very potent germination stimulant as well as controlling early seedling development for a large variety of plant species. We reported herein an unprecedented and scalable synthesis of Karrikin (KAR1) based on an elegant and efficient 6‐endo‐dig cyclization. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of KAR1 on corn seeds germination, we carried out additional studies on the uptake of this butenolide into corn seeds, and the main soil chemiodynamic properties (i.e., persistence and mobility) were calculated or estimated. Finally, we provided a rationalization of the experimental results by building a homology model of corn KAI2, using as template the X‐ray of the KAI2 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana.

No abstract

A survey of pharmacy directors in acute care facilities revealed that many had no formal policy regarding dietary supplements and had not implemented planning for such a policy.

No abstract

ObjectivesFrom the first description by Leo Kanner [1], autism has been an enigmatic neurobehavioral phenomenon. The new genetic/genomic technologies of the past decade have not been as productive as originally anticipated in unveiling the mysteries of autism. The specific etiology of the majority of cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unknown, although numerous genetic/genomic variants and alterations of diverse cellular functions have been reported. Prompted by this failure, we have investigated whether the metabolomics approach might yield results which could simultaneously lead to a blood-based screening/diagnostic test and to treatment options. Methods Plasma samples from a clinically well-defined cohort of 100 male individuals, ages 2-16+ years, with ASD and 32 age-matched typically developing (TD) controls were subjected to global metabolomic analysis. ResultsWe have identified more than 25 plasma metabolites among the approximately 650 metabolites analyzed, representing over 70 biochemical pathways, that can discriminate children with ASD as young as 2 years from children that are developing typically. The discriminating power was greatest in the 2-10 year age group and weaker in older age groups. The initial findings were validated in a second cohort of 83 children, males and females, ages 2-10 years, with ASD and 76 age and gender-matched TD children. The discriminant metabolites were associated with several key biochemical pathways suggestive of potential contributions of increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and immune dysregulation in ASD. Further, targeted quantitative analysis of a subset of discriminating metabolites using tandem mass spectrometry provided a reliable laboratory method to detect children with ASD. Conclusion Metabolic profiling appears to be a robust technique to identify children with ASD ages 2-10 years and provides insights into the altered metabolic pathways in ASD, which could lead to treatment strategies. ObjectivesTo uncover novel traits associated with nicotine and alcohol use genetics, we performed a phenome-wide association study in a large multi-ethnic cohort. Methods We investigated 7,688 African-Americans (AFR), 1,133 Asian-Americans (ASN), 14,081 European-Americans (EUR), and 3,492 Hispanic-Americans (HISP) from the Women's Health Initiative, analyzing risk alleles located in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3 locus (rs8034191, rs1051730, rs12914385, rs2036527, and rs16969968) for nicotine-related traits and ADH1B (rs1229984 and rs2066702) and ALDH2 (rs671) for alcohol-related traits with respect to anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits, social status, psychological circumstances, reproductive history, health conditions, and nicotine-and alcohol-related traits. ResultsThe investigated loci resulted associated with novel traits: rs1229984 were associated with family income (p=4.1*10 −12 ), having a pet (p=6.5*10 −11 ), partner education (p=1.8*10 −10 ), "usually expect the best" (p=2.4*10 −7), "felt calm and peaceful" (p=2.6*10 ), and num...

A case of phenytoin-isoniazid drug interaction is reported. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed on the basis of two different phenytoin serum concentrations obtained on two different dosage regimens. Whereas Vmax was found to be in the normal range, the patient's Km was increased five-fold. The literature regarding this interaction is reviewed. This case illustrates the usefulness of pharmacokinetic methods in the management of phenytoin-isoniazid interaction.