Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a 10-residue peptide hormone that induces secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone into the blood from the pituitary gland. In males, LH acts on the testes to produce testosterone. The performance-enhancing potential of testosterone makes administration of exogenous GnRH a concern in sports doping control. Detection of GnRH abuse is challenging owing to its rapid clearance from the body and its degradation in urine. Following recent investigations of GnRH abuse in racing greyhounds in New Zealand, we carried out a GnRH administration study in greyhounds in an attempt to identify GnRH metabolites that might provide more facile detection of GnRH abuse; little information is available on in vivo metabolites of exogenous GnRH in any species and none in dogs. We identified three C-terminal GnRH metabolites in urine: GnRH 5-10, GnRH 6-10, and GnRH 7-10. These metabolites and intact GnRH, which was also detected in urine, were all excreted over a 1-3 h period after GnRH administration. Two of the GnRH metabolites - GnRH 5-10 and GnRH 6-10 - were more stable in urine than intact GnRH offering improved potential to detect GnRH administration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of a 44-yr-old Maori female presenting with chronic renal failure due to karyomegalic interstitial nephritis is reported. To our knowledge, this is the first instance this disorder has been reported in a New Zealand Maori. Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis is a rare cause of progressive renal failure, which may be familial, and is frequently associated with a history of recurrent respiratory infections. The urine in this case contained large, pleomorphic cells, mimicking carcinoma. The case therefore illustrates a rare cause of chronic renal failure, and presents an important diagnostic pitfall in the practice of urine cytopathology.
15 had no recurrence in 2-15 years. Niceberg and others (1956) report that 7 of 26 cases treated only by appendicectomy died of proven metastatic carcinoma within 5 years.It would appear that, provided there is no pseudomyxoma peritonei, the prognosis for mucocele is excellent, and for cystadenoma it is good, but with the latter there may be local recurrence. In adenocarcinoma the prognosis is very variable. In this series, of 6 patients with adenocarcinoma, 3 have died ( I was an incidental finding at necropsy) and the others were alive 14 years, 10 years, and 2 months after the operation. It would also appear that when the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma is made unexpectedly on microscopy in an appendix removed incidentally at another operation, the prognosis is good. SUlMlMARYAn account is given of 7 columnar-cell tumours of the appendix (6 adenocarcinomas and I cystadenoma) and 2 mucoceles. The terminology, treatment, incidence, pathogenesis, and prognosis are discussed.The only constant feature in the histological differentiation between an adenocarcinoma and a cystadenoma is that there is invasion of the wall in the former. A mucocele of the appendix is lined by flattened, cuboidal epithelium or by no epithelium. The presence of papillary projections suggests a cystadenoma rather than a mucocele.Acknowledgements.-We
Hemangioblastoma, an uncommon central nervous system neoplasm, commonly located in the cerebellum and more rarely in the spinal cord. In this report, we described the cytologic features of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma in a 53-year-old man, present in cystic fluid obtained at cranioctomy. Cytologic preparations were characterized by well preserved, scattered dissociate, and occasional groups of stromal cells with round to oval nuclei, fine chromatin, and lacelike or granular, vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm with a foamy appearances. In addition, calcific material, endothelial-like cells, blood, and macrophages were seen. The radiologic impression, cytologic features, and location led us to suggest the possibility of hemangioblastoma. Subsequent histopathological material revealed the characteristic features of hemangioblastoma.
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