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We tested the validity and reliability of the BioSpace InBody 320, Omron and Bod-eComm body composition devices in men and women (n 254; 21 -80 years) and boys and girls (n 117; 10-17 years). We analysed percentage body fat (%BF) and compared the results with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in adults and compared the results of the InBody with underwater weighing (UW) in children. All body composition devices were correlated (r 0·54 -0·97; P#0·010) to DEXA except the Bod-eComm in women aged 71-80 years (r 0·54; P¼ 0·106). In girls, the InBody %BF was correlated with UW (r 0·79; P#0·010); however, a more moderate correlation (r 0·69; P# 0·010) existed in boys. Bland -Altman plots indicated that all body composition devices underestimated %BF in adults (1·0 -4·8 %) and overestimated %BF in children (0·3 -2·3 %). Lastly, independent t tests revealed that the mean %BF assessed by the Bod-eComm in women (aged 51-60 and 71-80 years) and in the Omron (age 18-35 years) were significantly different compared with DEXA (P#0·010). In men, the Omron (aged 18 -35 years), and the InBody (aged 36-50 years) were significantly different compared with DEXA (P¼0·025; P¼ 0·040 respectively). In addition, independent t tests indicated that the InBody mean %BF in girls aged 10 -17 years was significantly different from UW (P¼ 0·001). Pearson's correlation analyses demonstrated that the Bod-eComm (men and women) and Omron (women) had significant mean differences compared with the reference criterion; therefore, the %BF output from these two devices should be interpreted with caution. The repeatability of each body composition device was supported by small CV (, 3·0 %).Body fat: Bioelectrical impedance: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Underwater weighing Childhood and adult obesity is an epidemic in the USA (1 -3) and it is important to have valid and reliable tools to assess growth and body composition. It is essential that we develop safe and accurate tools to assess body composition as well as devices that are affordable. Devices that accurately depict body fat percentage (%BF) can be used as a tool to evaluate an individual's weight loss or gain over a period of time. Body composition analysis is important for understanding proportional changes in fat and lean mass for healthy individuals as well as individuals with various health conditions. Over the past several years there has been an increase in the marketing and sales of economical body composition analysers (i.e. bioelectrical impedance devices). Therefore, a greater need has developed to evaluate the accuracy of these body composition devices. In addition, practical indicators of %BF for different age ranges and sex are needed for epidemiological and clinical studies.Traditionally, assessing body composition relied upon the principle of underwater weighing, regarded as the 'gold standard' (4) ; however, technology has improved and various devices have been introduced to evaluate body composition. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has become the preferred met...

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Purpose: With the childhood obesity epidemic, efficient methods of exercise are sought to improve health. We tested whether whole body vibration (WBV) exercise can positively affect bone metabolism and improve insulin/glucose dynamics in sedentary overweight Latino boys. Methods: Twenty Latino boys 8-10 years of age were randomly assigned to either a control (CON) or 3 days/wk WBV exercise (VIB) for 10-wk.Results: Significant increases in BMC (4.5±3.2%; p=0.01) and BMD (1.3±1.3%; p<0.01) were observed for the VIB group when compared to baseline values. For the CON group BMC significantly increased (2.0±2.2%; p=0.02), with no change in BMD (0.8±1.3%; p=0.11). There were no significant between group changes in BMC or BMD. No significant change was observed for osteocalcin and (collagen type I C-telopeptide) CTx for the VIB group. However, osteocalcin showed a decreasing trend (p=0.09) and CTx significantly increased (p<0.03) for the CON group. This increase in CTx was significantly different between groups (p<0.02) and the effect size of between-group difference in change was large (-1.09). There were no significant correlations between osteocalcin and measures of fat mass or insulin resistance for collapsed data.Conclusion: Although bone metabolism was altered by WBV training, no associations were apparent between osteocalcin and insulin resistance. These findings suggest WBV exercise may positively increase BMC and BMD by decreasing bone resorption in overweight Latino boys.

Aim Multi‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF‐BIA) may provide a quick, cost‐efficient method of total body water (TBW) assessment. We compared TBW estimates from the Biospace InBody 520, 720, and S10 MF‐BIA devices to TBW estimates from isotopic deuterium dilution (D2O). Methods TBW was measured in 25 men and 25 women, 18–49 years, 73.6 ± 15.4 kg on each of the three devices and from D2O analysis. Results All MF‐BIA devices significantly overestimated TBW compared to D2O TBW for men (4.7–5.4 kg, 10.8–12.4%; P < 0.01) and women (3.7–4.3 kg, 12.3–14.3%; P < 0.01). Regression analyses in men revealed R2 (0.86–0.90) and SEE (1.7–2.0 kg), and in women revealed R2 (0.82–0.86) and SEE (1.5–1.6 kg). Bland and Altman analyses revealed similar limits of agreement for men (3.5–3.9 kg) and women (3.4–3.7 kg). Conclusions The Biospace InBody devices significantly overestimate TBW in men and women. The consistent bias for men and the increasing bias with increasing TBW for women may indicate that these devices are suitable for group TBW estimates in men only.

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Objective: A new automated and adjustable blood pressure (BP) system has been developed to improve the accuracy of BP measurements on public-use health stations. This self-fitting BP system includes a mechanical cuff that wraps down to the user's arm prior to bladder inflation. The purpose of this study was to validate the adaptable BP system (ABPS) using the current standards from the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). Methods: The AAMI/ISO 81060:2013 standards for clinical validation of non-invasive automated arterial BP measurement devices were followed precisely using the same arm sequential method. For each participant, BP was measured over multiple trials by trained observers alternating a reference sphygmomanometer with the ABPS. All study requirements were met with 85 qualifying participants, each with 3 valid paired determinations. Results: The mean difference between ABPS BP and reference BP using all 255 paired determinations was −2.4 ± 7.7 mmHg for systolic and 1.7 ± 5.7 mmHg for diastolic. The standard deviation of the averaged paired determinations per participant was 6.3 mmHg for systolic and 5.2 mmHg for diastolic. Arm circumference measurements had a mean error of −2.1 ± 2.4 cm (R 2 = 0.87). A new prediction model for arm circumference was validated using a holdout dataset (R 2 = 0.94). Conclusion: The results of the study confirm that the ABPS met all benchmarks established by the AAMI. The device accurately measures BP across a wide range of arm circumferences (24-44 cm) and is suitable for use by individuals to self-monitor BP.

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