Research on nonhuman primates suggests that the primary taste cortex in humans is located in the rostrodorsal insula. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of taste perception was performed on 6 patients with unilateral damage to the insula, 3 patients with brain damage outside the insula, and 11 age-matched, normal subjects. Each subject identified the quality and intensity of the gustatory stimuli applied separately to the left and right sides of the anterior tongue. Damage to the right insula produced ipsilateral taste recognition and intensity deficits. Damage to the left insula caused an ipsilateral deficit in taste intensity but a bilateral deficit in taste recognition. The unexpected deficit in the left-hemispheric stroke patients for taste recognition on the right side of the tongue suggests that taste information from both sides of the tongue passes through the left insula.
Double photoionization accompanied by loss of n C atoms (n = 0, 2, 4, 6) was investigated by merging beams of Xe@C + 60 ions and synchrotron radiation and measuring the yields of product ions. The giant 4d dipole resonance of the caged Xe atom has a prominent signature in the cross section for these product channels, which together account for 6.2 ± 1.4 of the total Xe 4d oscillator strength of 10. Compared to that for a free Xe atom, the oscillator strength is redistributed in photon energy due to multipath interference of outgoing Xe 4d photoelectron waves that may be transmitted or reflected by the spherical C + 60 molecular cage, yielding so-called confinement resonances. The data are compared with an earlier measurement and with theoretical predictions for this single-molecule photoelectron interferometer system. Relativistic R-matrix calculations for the Xe atom in a spherical potential shell representing the fullerene cage show the sensitivity of the interference pattern to the molecular geometry.
Absolute single photoionization cross-section measurements of Rb 2+ ions were performed using synchrotron radiation and the photo-ion, merged-beams technique at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Measurements were made at a photon energy resolution of 13.5±2.5 meV from 37.31 to 44.08eV spanning the 2 P o 3 2 ground state and 2 P o 1 2 metastable state ionization thresholds. Multiple autoionizing resonance series arising from each initial state are identified using quantum defect theory. The measurements are compared to Breit-Pauli R-matrix calculations with excellent agreement between theory and experiment.
We report on experimental and theoretical results for the photoionization of Ag-like xenon ions, Xe 7+ , in the photon energy range 95-145 eV. The measurements were carried out at the Advanced Light Source at an energy resolution of ΔE = 65 meV with additional measurements made at ΔE = 28 meV and 39 meV. Small resonance features below the ground-state ionization threshold, at about 106 eV, are due to the presence of metastable Xe 7+ °(4d 4f F ) 10 2 5 2, 7 2 ions in the ion beam. On the basis of the accompanying theoretical calculations using the Dirac atomic R-matrix codes (DARC), an admixture of only a few percent of metastable ions in the parent ion beam is inferred, with almost 100% of the parent ions in the (4d 5s S ) 10 21 2 ground level. The cross section is dominated by a very strong resonance associated with → 4d 5f excitation and subsequent autoionization. This prominent feature in the measured spectrum is the °4d 5s5f P 9 2 resonance located at (122.139 ± 0.01) eV. An absolute peak cross section of 1.2 Gigabarns was measured at 38 meV energy resolution. The experimental natural width Γ = 76 ± 3 meV of this resonance compares well with the theoretical estimate of 88 meV obtained from the DARC calculation with 249 target states. Given the complexity of the system, overall satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment is obtained for the photon energy region investigated.
Cross-section measurements are reported for single and double photoionization of C + 60 ions in the photon energy range 18-150 eV accompanied by the loss of zero to seven pairs of carbon atoms, as well as for fragmentation without ionization resulting in loss of two to eight pairs of C atoms in the photon energy range 18-65 eV. Absolute measurements were performed by merging a beam of C + 60 molecular ions with a beam of monochromatized synchrotron radiation. Product channels involving dissocation yielding smaller fullerene fragment ions account for nearly half of the total measured oscillator strength in this energy range. The sum of cross sections for the measured product channels is compared to a published calculation of the total photoabsorption cross section of neutral C60 based on time-dependent density-functional theory. This comparison and an accounting of oscillator strengths indicates that with the exception of C + 58 , the most important product channels resulting from photoabsorption were accounted for in the experiment. Threshold energies for the successive removal of carbon atom pairs accompanying photoionization are also determined from the measurements.
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