Cu and Zn adsorption in an Oxisol treated with pig slurryCooper and zinc derived from pig slurry can accumulate in the soil, posing risks to human and animal health. The objective of this study was to determine the adsorption capacity and the competition of Cu and Zn in Oxisols that received continued applications of 200 m 3 ha -1 year -1 of pig slurry for seven years and to compare with soil under natural conditions. To evaluate the adsorption, Cu and Zn solutions were applied to the soil at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 1.200 µmol L -1 ; soil:solution ratio of 1:100.Merck Certipur standard solution 1.000 mg L -1 was utilized to construct the levels of Zn and Cu. The adsorption of Cu showed a sigmoid behavior (S-type isotherm) in soil with no slurry application and linear behavior (C-type isotherm) in soil with pig slurry. The maximum adsorption of Cu in soil without pig slurry was 3,021 mg kg -1. For Zn, all the isotherms showed linear behavior. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu and Zn was not reached in soil with slurry. These results show that the studied Oxisol has a high capacity to retain Zn and Cu from pig slurry.

RESUMOO expressivo crescimento e a concentração regional da suinocultura no Brasil elevam os riscos de poluição do solo e da água pelo excesso de dejeto líquido de suíno (DLS) ABSTRACTThe significant growth and regional concentration of swine farming in Brazil also increases the risk of soil and water pollution by excessive pig slurry (DLS) applied to crops. The impact of DLS application on the contents of elements in the subsoil soil solution of a southern Brazil Oxisol under different doses of this waste was evaluated in a field experiment. The treatments were annual applications of DLS in the: 0, 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha -1 ; soluble mineral fertilizer (AM); and DLS combined with AM (DLS + AM) which were organized in the complete block design with four replicates. The mineral N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents were determined in soil solution extracted through lysimeter suctions placed at 0.4 and 0.8 m depths during the 13 th year after the start of applications. The N-NH 4 + content in soil solution were higher with the doses 100 and 200 m³ ha -1 of DLS and this also happened to the soluble N application in coverage. The dose 200 m³ ha -1 also promoted greater concentration of N-NO 3 -than the other treatments. The N-NH 4 + content was lower than the N-NO 3 -content, although this form occurs in less content in the DLS. The P content in soil solution was below the method detection limit, indicating that there was no excess of that nutrient in the solution extracted at the

Avaliou-se a resposta de diferentes protocolos fisioterapêuticos em cães após a indução de atrofia muscular por meio da imobilização do joelho por 30 dias. Os grupos foram denominados grupo C ou controle, grupo E (massagem, movimentação passiva e eletroterapia), grupo H (massagem, movimentação passiva e hidroterapia em esteira aquática) e grupo EH (massagem, movimentação passiva, eletroterapia e hidroterapia em esteira aquática). Foram mensurados os graus de claudicação, arco do movimento, circunferência da coxa e a variação sérica das enzimas creatina-quinase e lactato-desidrogenase. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, foi possível concluir que as modalidades terapêuticas de massagem, movimentação passiva da articulação, estimulação elétrica neuromuscular e hidroterapia por caminhada em esteira aquática aceleram a recuperação clínica em cães com atrofia muscular induzida.

RESUMOAbsorption of primary macronutrients and soybean growth at different compactation densities and moisture levels in a silt loam soil 1 Soybean cultivation is increasing rapidly in the region of Alto Vale do Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, where there is a predominance of silt soils. The objective of this work was to evaluate the content of primary macronutrients in shoots and shoot and root vegetative growth of soybean (Glicine max L. Merrill) grown in a silt-loam soil under different compactation densities and moisture levels. A randomized block design in a 4x4 factorial arrangement was used, with four compactation densities: 1.00; 1.20; 1.40 and 1.60 Mg m -3, and four soil moisture levels: 0.130; 0.160; 0.190 and 0.220 kg kg -1 and four replications. Each pot consisted of the overlapping of three 150-mm PVC rings, where soil was maintained in the higher and lower part of the pot with a density of 1.00 Mg m -3 and in the intermediate ring, the compactation densities were increased. Values of soil density higher than 120 Mg m -3 negatively affected N, P and K uptake by soybean plants, as well as the plant mass of the shoots and roots. The higher levels of soil moisture reduced the compaction effect and promoted better absorption of P and K.Key words: compactation density, nutrients uptake, root density, shoot system. , e no intermediário, implementados os níveis de compactação. Valores de densidade do solo superiores a 1,20 Mg m -3 afetam de forma negativa a absorção de N, de P e de K, e a produção de biomassa de parte aérea e sistema radicular da soja. Níveis mais elevados de umidade do solo reduzem o efeito da compactação e favorecem a absorção de P e a de K. Romano RobertoPalavras-chave: densidade do solo; densidade de raízes; parte aérea; absorção de nutrientes.

No abstract

Dental biofilm – in which a diverse set of microorganisms are embedded in a complex polysaccharide matrix that adheres to oral components – is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body. As biofilm formation is related to oral infections, such as caries and periodontal diseases, strategies for biofilm control are crucial for maintaining oral health. Xylitol, a synthetic sugar used as a sucrose substitute, has been shown to reduce biofilm formation. However, its precise mechanism of action on biofilm reduction has so far not been elucidated. Previous studies demonstrate that bacterial β‐glucosidase action is crucial for biofilm formation. Here, we investigated the correlation between salivary β‐glucosidase activity and dental plaque occurrence. We found a positive correlation between enzymatic activity and the presence of dental biofilm. We observed that xylitol inhibits β‐glucosidase in human saliva. Kinetic studies also confirmed that xylitol acts as a mixed type inhibitor of salivary β‐glucosidase. Based on our data, we suggest that xylitol impairs oral biofilm formation by the inhibition of bacterial β‐glucosidase, which is essential for biofilm formation in the oral cavity.

Abstrat:The water deficit interferes in the boron (B) uptake by eucalyptus, causing shoot dieback in young plants.The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of shoot dieback in Eucalyptus benthamii submitted to doses of boron and water regimes in a Humic Cambisol of the Southern Plateau of the state of Santa Catarina. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse (Lages-SC) in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with three replications, adding 0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.75 g boron plant -1 in the soil, and three water regimes (60, 80 and 100% of the field capacity). The stem diameter and the plants height were measured, using a visual analysis of dieback. The dry mass and boron contents in the tissues and in the soil, were also determined. Water deficiency affected negatively dry matter but it was not affected by boron application. The highest occurrence of shoot dieback was observed in the treatments without addition of boron and in the more restrictive water regime. Fertilization with 0.55 g boron plant -1 in soil was sufficient to avoid shoot dieback. Key words: eucalyptus, borax, water availability, micronutrientResumo: O déficit hídrico interfere na absorção de boro (B) pelo eucalipto, causando a seca-de-ponteiros nas plantas jovens. Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de seca-de-ponteiros em Eucalyptus benthamii submetido às doses de boro e regimes hídricos em Cambissolo Húmico do Planalto Sul Catarinense. O experimento foi conduzido em casade-vegetação (Lages-SC) em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com três repetições, com adição de 0, 0,55, 1,1 e 2,75 g boro planta -1 no solo, e três regimes hídricos (60, 80 e 100% da capacidade de campo). Foi mensurado o diâmetro do coleto e altura das plantas, realizada a análise visual de seca-deponteiros, determinada a massa seca e teores de boro nos tecidos e no solo. A deficiência hídrica afetou negativamente o crescimento das plantas e não houve resposta em massa seca das plantas à aplicação de boro. A maior ocorrência de seca-de-ponteiros foi observada nos tratamentos sem adição de boro e no regime hídrico mais restritivo. A aplicação de 0,55 g boro planta -1 no solo foi suficiente para evitar a seca-de-ponteiros.Palavras chave: eucalipto, bórax, disponibilidade de água, micronutriente