This study examined the impact of the Home-School Empowerment Program (HSEP) on the reduction of risk factors for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use among A R T I C L E JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Vol. 25, No. 5, 487-503 (1997 preadolescents. Given their young age, few project participants either used or were expected to use ATOD during their involvement in the HSEP. For that reason, the HSEP was designed to reduce risk factors associated with preadolescent and adolescent ATOD use. Specifically, it was hypothesized that reductions in four risk factors-poor academic achievement, frequent school absences, poor classroom adjustment, and low self-esteemwould follow from HSEP participation. Earlier studies (Lorion, Bartels, & Brodsky, 1992;Lorion & Saltzman, 1993) found that children from high-risk neighborhoods in which the HSEP schools were located reported higher levels of lifetime ATOD use and anticipated future use for all substances compared to children from communities at less risk. PROGRAM OVERVIEWThe HSEP was designed as a school-based opportunity for children to participate in programs for their educational enhancement and recreation, and for parents to strengthen their self-esteem and parenting skills to reduce the likelihood that their children would become involved in the local drug culture. To accomplish these goals, the HSEP established the position of "Home-School Liaison" (HSL) to serve as a human resource for children and to provide a bridge between schools and families. Four HSLs were assigned to each of the two schools. One HSL, the "Home-School Liaison Coordinator," directed the project's daily operations, organized the implementation of the program objectives, and linked project activities across settings.This study examined the achievement of increases in attendance, communication between the home and school, educational enhancement, parent-school contacts, and guided tutoring. At the evaluation school, the HSEP emphasized academic achievement and served grades 3-6. Children were selected for HSEP involvement by the principal based on low academic achievement in reading and math or because of extreme or unusual circumstances (e.g., severe family crises, serious behavioral problems, etc.). Approximately 55 students were served by the HSEP during each grading period. Within the classroom, HSLs provided daily academic assistance in reading and math to target students.HSLs met regularly with subgroups of target students during the lunch period for informal discussion. Each day, HSLs were expected to make at least two home contacts (in person or by phone) of parents or guardians; two home contacts per child occurred each month. The HSEP also organized a resource library from which parents could obtain books, games, craft items, and other educational materials. During the after-school program, some HSEP-targeted students received extra mentoring from the HSLs and program volunteers from a local university. The HSEP also sponsored field trips for targeted students during the school year.I...
Safety is a major concern for non-motorized traffic participants, such as cyclists, pedestrians or skaters. Due to their weak nature compared to cars, accidents often lead to serious implications. In this paper, we investigate how additional protection can be achieved with wearable displays attached to a person's arm, leg or back. Different to prior work, we present an extensive study on design considerations for wearable displays in traffic. Based on interviews, experiments, and an online questionnaire with more than 100 participants, we identify potential placements, form factors, and use-cases. These findings enabled us to develop a wearable display system for traffic safety, called beSeen. It can be attached to different parts of the human body, such as arms, legs, or the back. Our device unobtrusively recognizes turn indication gestures, braking, and its placement on the body. We evaluate beSeen's performance and show that it can be reliably used for enhancing traf fic safety
This study examined the impact of the Home‐School Empowerment Program (HSEP) on the reduction of risk factors for substance abuse among preadolescents enrolled in two elementary schools serving students from neighborhoods marked by high levels of violence, family dependence on public funding, and reported alcohol and other drug use by youth. The project was targeted to children enrolled in grades 4–6. For that reason, the project was not expected to reduce actual ATOD use rates. Rather, the HSEP aimed to reduce risks associated with ATOD use. Specifically, it was hypothesized that reductions in four risk factors—poor academic achievement, frequent school absences, poor classroom adjustment, and low self‐esteem—would occur for program participants, reducing their overall risk for substance abuse in later years. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A brief description of the use of business analysis in the design and specification of an Integrated Information System within British Telecom is given. The role of the end users in this process is emphasised. The paper concludes that this methodology ensures that end users are provided with a system which they want.
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