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A flow chemistry process for the synthesis of a key boronic acid starting material was developed utilizing flow flash chemistry that allowed formation and subsequent productive reaction of an unstable organolithium intermediate. Rapid scale-up from Discovery Chemistry and process optimization to kilogram-scale production was achieved using a short residence time (0.25 s) and noncryogenic temperature (0 °C), without the need to increase the number of reactors. A comparison of the flow process with a Miyaura borylation process suggested some potential benefit in the overall process operating efficiency from avoiding the use of Pd and genotoxic boron reagents.

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Abstract:Gasification is a thermo-chemical process to convert carbon-based products such as biomass and coal into a gas mixture known as synthetic gas or syngas. Various types of gasification methods exist, and fluidized bed gasification is one of them which is considered more efficient than others as fuel is fluidized in oxygen, steam or air. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of fluidized bed gasification of solid waste (SW) (wood). The experimental measurement of syngas composition was done using a pilot scale gasifier. A numerical model was developed using Advanced System for Process ENgineering (Aspen) Plus software. Several Aspen Plus reactor blocks were used along with user defined FORTRAN and Excel code. The model was validated with experimental results. The study found very similar performance between simulation and experimental results, with a maximum variation of 3%. The validated model was used to study the effect of air-fuel and steam-fuel ratio on syngas composition. The model will be useful to predict the various operating parameters of a pilot scale SW gasification plant, such as temperature, pressure, air-fuel ratio and steam-fuel ratio. Therefore, the model can assist researchers, professionals and industries to identify optimized conditions for SW gasification.