Three urban areas were sampled using pitfall traps: Parque da Previdência, Mata da CUASO and Mata do Instituto Butantan. These areas are located in the western region of the city of São Paulo, Brasil. Fifty traps were placed in each area, per season, during one year, totalling 600 traps. A total of 2339 spiders were collected, of which 1569 adults and 770 juveniles. These were separated into 46 morphospecies, belonging to 25 families. The most abundant family was Linyphiidae, with nine morphospecies, followed by Theridiidae and Salticidae, with eight and seven morphospecies, respectively. The most common species were Hahniidae sp.1 and Guaraniella sp.1 in the Parque da Previdência; Linyphiidae sp.1 in the Instituto Butantan's forest and Zoridae sp.2 and Brattia castanea Millidge in the CUASO forest .

As comunidades de formigas que vivem em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica rodeados por um ecossistema urbano bem desenvolvido, foram investigadas. Avaliou-se a riqueza, a freqüência de ocorrência das espécies bem como a similaridade entre três áreas da cidade de São Paulo: Parque da Previdência (PP), Reserva Florestal "Armando Salles de Oliveira" (CUASO) e Horto Oswaldo Cruz (HOC). Foram colocadas armadilhas do tipo "pitfall" em locais onde não ocorre visitação pública, durante uma semana, nos meses de março, junho, setembro e dezembro de 2001. Em todos os fragmentos foram coletadas 79 espécies de formigas, pertencentes a nove subfamílias e 32 gêneros. A subfamília Myrmicinae e os gêneros Pheidole e Hypoponera foram os mais ricos. No PP foram registradas 62 espécies, na CUASO 46 e no HOC 43, sendo que PP e CUASO são mais similares entre si. Tal similaridade possivelmente esteja relacionada ao tamanho de ambas as áreas e, também, a uma semelhança nos sítios de nidificação e de alimentação. No geral, a fauna de formigas é generalista, com a presença de alguns gêneros especialistas, como Discothyrea, Acanthognathus, Gnamptogenys, Oxyepoecus e Pyramica; ou de gêneros cujos hábitos alimentares ainda são desconhecidos (Heteroponera e Myrmelachista). A presença de espécies caracteristicamente de áreas domiciliares também foi constatada: Pheidole megacephala Fabricius, 1793, Linepithema humile Mayr, 1868, Wasmannia auropunctata Roger, 1863, Paratrechina fulva Mayr, 1862, P. longicornis Latreille, 1802 e Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius, 1793.

An inventory of the litter spider fauna was conducted in two areas of the Guarapiranga reservoir, São Paulo, SP: Parque dos Eucaliptos Island and Jardim Ângela, on the mainland. A comparison of the spider richness, abundance and composition between each area is made. Secondary Atlantic Forest is the main vegetation in both areas, although most of the Island is composed of Eucalyptus trees. Samplings with pitfall-traps were carried out every three months over a year. On the mainland, 1852 spiders were collected, of which 1423 adults, distributed in 21 families and 62 morphospecies. On the Parque dos Eucaliptos Island, 1119 spiders were collected, of which 748 were adults distributed in 18 families and 50 morphospecies. Of these, 26 morphospecies, belonging to 12 families, were common to both areas. The most abundant species was Brattia castanea Millidge, 1991 (Linyphidae) with 554 specimens. The family that presented the highest number of species was Theridiidae, with 18 species. Richness estimates were carried out using EstimateS 5.0. Bootstrap estimators yielded the lowest richness estimates for both mainland and island, with 73 and 58 species respectively. Chao2 presented the highest estimate for the mainland, with 135 species, while Jack 2 presented the highest estimate for the island, with 76 species.Key words: spiders, biodiversity, pitfall-traps, estimating of richness, Atlantic Forest. . ResumoUm inventário da fauna de aranhas de serapilheira foi realizado em duas áreas no Reservatório do Guarapiranga, na Ilha Parque dos Eucaliptos e no Jardim Ângela (continente), São Paulo, SP. Comparou-se as duas áreas em relação à composição, riqueza e abundância. Nos dois locais a vegetação é de Mata Atlântica secundária, sendo que a maior parte da ilha é composta de eucaliptos. As coletas foram realizadas trimestralmente utilizando armadilhas de solo, durante um ano. Foram coletadas 1852 aranhas no continente, das quais 1423 adultas, pertencentes a 21 famílias e distribuídas em 62 morfoespécies. Na Ilha Parque dos Eucaliptos, foram coletadas 1119 aranhas das quais 748 adultas e 50 espécies distribuídas em 18 famílias. Destas, 26 morfoespécies, de 12 famílias, foram comuns às duas áreas. A espécie mais abundante foi Brattia castanea Millidge, 1991 (Linyphiidae)

In this study we describe three new litter inhabiting species of Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998 from nine urban forest remnants in the metropolitan region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil: M. forceps, M. mairyara and M. cavicelatus. In three of these remnants, we conduced a three year sampling using pitfall traps. Mesabolivar forceps sp. nov. was the most abundant pholcid (n=273 adults), always present in the samples, but with highest numbers in spring and summer. Mesabolivar mairyara sp. nov. was the second most abundant species (n=32), but the majority of individuals were collected in March 2001. Only three individuals of M. cavicelatus sp. nov. were collected.

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The Brazilian solifuge Mummucia ibirapemussu new species (Solifugae, Mummuciidae) from Serra das Confusões National Park, in the semi-arid Caatinga domain, is herein described, with illustrations and SEM pictures of the main taxonomic characters. Geometrical morphometric analyses were also performed and indicated that this new species can be accurately distinguished from Metacleobis fulvipes regarding the shape of propeltidium.

Other surveys sampled a larger number of environments, such as different forests types and open formations (Silva and Coddington 1996; Ricetti and Bonaldo 2008; Dias and Bonaldo 2012). Some studies have investigated the diversity of spiders from some Andean localities (Coddington et al. 1991-Bolivia; Silva 1992-Peru), but no species list was provided, which means that Amazonian montane spider fauna have been completely overlooked so far. In this study, we present the species list of a spider survey conducted on the Pico da Neblina, the highest Brazilian mountain (2,994 m). Montane biotas present a high biological interest and are usually characterized by high diversity (Orme et al. 2005) and endemism levels (Jetz et al. 2004). Located at the boundary between Brazil and Venezuela, the Pico da Neblina is part of the Neblina massif, one of the southern mountain ranges of the Guayana shield, a region of very old geological origin which represents the watershed between the Amazon and Orinoco basins (RADAM 1978). This region is famous for its peculiar topography, whose main characteristic is the presence of isolated table-top sandstone mountains (tepuis), and by its diverse and endemic flora (Berry and Riina 2005). The remote location of the Pico da Neblina also guarantees an unusual degree of conservation, with almost pristine environments along the whole altitudinal gradient.

The ant-mimiking spider genus Myrmecium Latreille, 1824 is revised, including 38 species, all herein diagnosed, described and illustrated. The following synonymies are proposed: Myrmecium aurantiacum Mello-Leitão, 1941 syn. nov. with M. camponotoides Mello-Leitão, 1932; M. gounellei Simon, 1896 syn. nov. and M. obscurum Keyserling, 1891 syn. nov. with M. latreillei Lucas, 1857; M. itatiaiae Mello-Leitão, 1932 syn. nov. and M. vertebratum Walckenaer, 1837 syn. nov. with M. rufum Latreille, 1824. Myrmecium bonaerense Holmberg, 1881 is considered as species inquirenda. Males of M. dacetoniforme, Mello-Leitão, 1932, M. fuscum Dahl, 1907, M. latreillei Lucas, 1857, M. trifasciatum Caporiacco, 1947 and adults of M. viehmeyeri Dahl, 1907 and M. reticulatum Dahl, 1907 are described for the first time. Myrmecium bifasciatum Taczanowski, 1874, M. monacanthum Simon, 1897 and M. rufum Latreille, 1824 are also redescribed and illustrated. The following 28 new species are described, diagnosed and illustrated: M. amphora sp. nov. (female from Chichiriviche, Venezuela); M. bolivari sp. nov. (male and female from Caracas and Sucre, Venezuela and Colombia); M. carajas sp. nov. (male from Pará, Brazil); M. carvalhoi sp. nov. (female from Piauí, Tocantins and Goiás, Brazil); M. catuxy sp. nov. (female from Amazonas, Brazil and Puerto Lopez, Colombia); M. chikish sp. nov. (female from Huánuco, Peru); M. cizauskasi sp. nov. (male and female from Amazonas, Brazil); M. oliveirai sp. nov. (male from Amazonas, Brazil); M. deladanta sp. nov. (male from Sucúmbios, Ecuador); M. diasi sp. nov. (male and female from Amazonas, Brazil); M. erici sp. nov. (female from British Guiana); M. ferro sp. nov. (female from Paraiba, Brazil); M. indicatti sp. nov. (male and female from Pará, Brazil); M. nogueirai sp. nov. (female from Amazonas, Brazil and Madre de Dios, Peru); M. lomanhungae sp. nov. (male and female from Amazonas and Pará, Brazil); M. machetero sp. nov. (female from Beni, Bolivia); M. malleum sp. nov. (male and female from Aragua and Lara, Venezuela and Caldas, Colombia); M. oompaloompa sp. nov. (male and female from Bahia, Brazil and Kurupukari, Guyana); M. otti sp. nov. (male and female from Pará, Amazonas and Mato Grosso, Brazil and Madre de Dios in Peru); M. pakpaka sp. nov. (male and female from Huánuco, Peru); M. raveni sp. nov. (male and female from Amazonas and Pará, Brazil); M. ricettii sp. nov. (male and female from the states of Pará, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Goiás and Mato Grosso, Brazil and Puerto Lopez, Colombia); M. luepa sp. nov. (male from Bolívar, Venezuela); M. souzai sp. nov. (male from Amazonas, Brazil); M. tanguro sp. nov. (male and female from Rondonia, Mato Grosso, Brazil); M. tikuna sp. nov. (male from Amazonas, Brazil); M. urucu sp. nov. (female from Amazonas, Brazil); M. yamamotoi sp. nov. (male and female from Amapá, Amazonas and Pará, Brazil and Marowijne, Suriname).