Globally, the novel corona virus infection has continued to witness a growing number of cases since December 2019 when the outbreak was discovered and noted in China. Despite this has not been well studied for the case of COVID-19, human contact, public moveableness and environmental variables could have an impact onairborne’spropagation and virus continuance, such as influenza virus. This study aimed to determine the seasonal variation and geographical distribution of COVID-19 across Nigeria. An internet based archival research design was employed for this study on the seasonal variation and geographical distribution of COVID-19 across Nigeria. This involved the use of goggle mobility data and world map on Corona Virus Infection (COVID-19). The search strategy for getting information for this research was done electronically. The keywords in the case search using the goggle mobility software was “COVID-19 Update”, “COVID-19 Update in Nigeria”, ‘COVID-19 Winter Report’, “COVID-19 Case Fatality March 2020–July 2021”, “COVID-19 Case Fatality in Nigeria”. The data gotten from the goggle motor updates were entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) which was used in the analysis of the study. Results from the study, reported that official COVID-19 cases number was significantly higher in the Dry season (October 2020–April 2021) with 59.0% (127,213) compared to 41.0% (85,176) in the wet/rainy season (May–September) it revealed that the dry and rainy seasons had a COVID-19 prevalence of 0.063 and 0.041 respectively. Further results from the study showed that the prevalence of COVID-19 was 0.07% in the North-Central, 0.04% in both the North-East and North-West, 0.03% in the South-West, 0.09% in the South-South, and the highest prevalence of 0.16% in the South-East. Considering the case Fatality rate of COVID-19 during the Dry and Wet Seasons. The study revealed that North-Central had a death toll of 196 (10.4%) out of 9457 confirmed COVID-19 cases hence a fatality of 2.07. Fatality rate of 1.49% in South western Nigeria, South-South Nigeria, 1.49%, South-East accounted to a fatality rate of 1.25%. Nigeria based on the finding of this study records increased fatality in Dry season over wet seasons. The study concluded that prevalence of COVID-19 varies in seasons in Nigeria Hence; further Data and Meteorological analysis on weather variations towards the SARS-CoV-2 Virus spread should be evaluated by future researchers. It is imperative to ensure strict and controlled application of social measures, such as social distancing, mandatory wearing of non-medical masks to prevent droplets from entering the respiratory tract, screening of affected patients along with quarantine is essential to defeat and improve infection control.

Background: Globally gestational diabetes remains one most common medical problem facing a significant proportion of women in pregnancy. Understanding safe therapeutic and management measures is imperative to inform effective and sound decision and judgment for clinicians and concerned groups. Aim: This review aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of Metformin versus Glyburide in managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Cochrane Library, PUBMED, MEDLINE and LILACs were subjected to literature search for randomized controlled trials addressing the primary aim of this study. The Key used for the search strategy was: “Metformin”, “Glyburide”, ‘Gestational Diabetes” and other varying terms from Medical subject Headings. The review systematized a PRISMA Checklist and demonstrated Meta analyzed studies mathematically on weight gain after using glyburide and metformin during and after pregnancy, fasting blood glucose, birthweight and postprandial blood glucose. Results: Neonatal hypoglycaemia, mode of delivery, birth weight, Apgar score, weight during and after pregnancy, postprandial blood glucose and requirement for intensive care were all assessed in the study. In 60% of the studies safety and efficacy of glyburide and metformin diabetes management showed no significant difference. From postprandial blood glucose (P=0.217), birth weight (p=0.194), and fasting blood glucose (p=0.821) revealed no statistical differences between the medications in the meta analysis conducted. However, on the other hand, weight growth during pregnancy among patients revealed significant variations (p=0.036). Conclusion: Both metformin and glyburide showed no differences in safety and efficacy considering birth weight, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose. However, in babies of women treated with metformin, problems associated with neonates such as respiratory issues and hypoglycemia and also increase in weight during pregnancy or gestation are more less common and lower. Keywords: Diabetes, Therapy, Metformin, Glyburide, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Healthcare workers are challenged by an imposing group of occupational hazards. These hazards include exposure to biological and nonbiological hazards like ionizing radiation, stress, injury, infectious agents, and chemicals.

Background: The management and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain difficult and complex, despite the wide range of pharmacotherapies available for glycemic control. As a result, researchers continue to look for new therapeutic molecules with modes of action that might fill in the gaps left by currently existing medications.The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter type2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) in combination for treatment and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PUBMED and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were subjected to literature search. RCTs comparing SGLT2i plus DPP4i (SGLT2i/DPP4i) to DPP4iplacebo or SGLT2iplacebo were eligible if they were published in English and compared SGLT2i plus DPP4i (SGLT2i/DPP4i) to DPP4iplacebo or SGLT2iplacebo. The change in HbA1c from baseline was the primary endpoint. Results: The study comprised of eight RCTs comparing SGLT2i/DPP4i and DPP4ionly, five RCTs comparing SGLT2i/DPP4i and SGLT2ionly, and three RCTs involving both comparisons. The combination of both inhibitors resulted in a greater average HbA1c reduction [WMD: 0.62 percent] than DPP4i alone, which resulted in a much lesser reduction (WMD: -0.35 percent) than SGLT2i alone. Furthermore, only SGLT2i/DPP4i vs. DPP4i revealed notable differences in body weight loss from baseline, but not SGLT2i.The risk of hypoglycemia was modest and consistent across treatment groups. Any reduction by SGLT2i/DPP4i in relation to DPP4i was proportionate to baseline HbA1c levels when patients were stratified based on baseline HbA1c levels. However, despite of baseline HbA1c, HbA1c reductions with combination were minor when compared to SGLT2i alone. Conclusion: Combination of these two inhibitors is found to be safe and effective. A significant extra glucose-lowering impact is observed when SGLT2i is used with or added to DPP4i, but not the other way around. The extra hypoglycemic effects of SGLT2i in combination with DPP4i were assessed by baseline HbA1c. Keywords: Efficacy, safety, DPP4i, SGLT2i, Treatment, Type 2 Diabetes