Setting: Six coronavirus disease 2019 designated ICUs at three hospitals within an academic health center network in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Patients: Adults greater than or equal to 18 years old with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 disease who were admitted to an ICU during the study period. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Among 217 critically ill patients, mortality for those who required mechanical ventilation was 35.7% (59/165), with 4.8% of patients (8/165) still on the ventilator at the time of this report. Overall mortality to date in this critically ill cohort is 30.9% (67/217) and 60.4% (131/217) patients have survived to hospital discharge. Mortality was significantly associated with older age, lower body mass index, chronic renal disease, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, lower Pao 2 / Fio 2 ratio, higher d-dimer, higher C-reactive protein, and receipt of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, renal replacement therapy, or vasodilator therapy. Conclusions: Despite multiple reports of mortality rates exceeding 50% among critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019, particularly among those requiring mechanical ventilation, our early experience indicates that many patients survive their critical illness.

Multiple white matter infarctions, arranged parallel to the lateral ventricle, are associated with severe hemodynamic impairment. This pattern of infarction is likely due to a hemodynamic mechanism.

We report preliminary data from a cohort of adults admitted to COVID-designated intensive care units from March 6 through April 17, 2020 across an academic healthcare system. Among 217 critically ill patients, mortality for those who required mechanical ventilation was 29.7% (49/165), with 8.5% (14/165) of patients still on the ventilator at the time of this report. Overall mortality to date in this critically ill cohort is 25.8% (56/217), and 40.1% (87/217) patients have survived to hospital discharge. Despite multiple reports of mortality rates exceeding 50% among critically ill adults with COVID-19, particularly among those requiring mechanical ventilation, our early experience indicates that many patients survive their critical illness.

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Patients with unknown diabetes represent a significant percentage of ICU admissions. Measurement of hemoglobin A1c at admission can prospectively identify a population that are not known to have diabetes but have significant challenges in glycemic control in the ICU.

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A survey of microcomputer use in psychology showed equal frequency of use for teaching, research, and administration. Respondents with computer experience evaluated microcomputer contributions more highly than did those respondents without experience but with an interest in using computer systems. Apple lIe s were the most popular machines, word processing the most popular use, and experimental and statistical psychology the most popular courses for using computers. Sixty percent of the users wrote their own software..As a psychologist at a small private university, I am particularly interested in the impact of microcomputer technology on small-to moderate-sized psychology departments across the country; a search of the literature failed to turn up any information about the application of this technology to psychology since Castellan's (1982) report of a 1979 survey. Since Castellan's survey preceded the widespread availability of microcomputers, I decided to conduct a survey to determine current usage in psychology. METHODThe Sample I obtained from the Guidance Information System (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1984) addresses for 835 schools (within the continental 48 states) with psychology departments having enrollments between 500 and 5,000 students. A random sample of 415 of these was selected for mailings. ProcedureA two-part questionnaire was developed. Part I contained a checklist to measure the extent of use (past, present, or future) in each of 25 applications divided into three general categories (teaching, research, and administration); it also included a 7-point scale to evaluate the effectiveness of each application. Part II requested inforThis survey was supported in part by a research grant from St. Bonaventure University. A detailed report is available upon request. The author's mailing address is: Department of Psychology. St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, NY 14778. mation about the particular types of computer and software used.Questionnaires were sent early in the summer of 1984 to each of the 415 chairpersons, with a request that they survey faculty members who had experience with microcomputers or who planned to work with the machines. RESULTS Part I Overall Evaluation of Microcomputer UseMicrocomputer use received a mean evaluation of 6.0 on the 7-point scale when teaching, research, and administration were combined; mean evaluations based on experience with microcomputers were 6.2. Respondents without experience, but with plans to use computers in the future, gave lower evaluations (5.9) than did those with experience. This pattern of higher evaluations byexperienced users was consistent throughout.Comparisons Between Teaching, Research, and Administration There was no significant difference among experienced respondents in the number reporting use of microcomputers for teaching, research, and administration (123, 115, and 102, respectively). The mean overall evaluation for research (6.2) was higher than for teaching (5.8) and for administrative uses (5.9).Evaluations Within Teaching,...

Purpose Evaluating anti-scarring therapies require objective assessment of scarring, and knowledge of normal fornix anatomy. Measurement of conjunctival scarring has focused on inferior fornix shortening, although the superior fornix is often overlooked. There are data on normal fornix depth (FD) in South Asians, but there are no studies investigating normal conjunctival FD in white Caucasians. We designed a fornix depth measurer (FDM) for objective measurement of upper and lower conjunctival FD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra-and inter-observer variability, and to establish a reference for normal conjunctival FD in an ethnically white Caucasian population. Patients and methods Prospective crosssectional study evaluating conjunctival FD in 252 clinically normal white Caucasian participants aged 20-80. Paired observers evaluated inter-and intra-observer variability. Data was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots and analysis of variance. Results For white Caucasian subjects, mean upper and lower conjunctival fornix depths were 15.6 mm (95% confidence interval (CI), 12.5-18.8) and 10.9 mm (95% CI, 8.0-13.7), respectively. Females have smaller FDs (upper FD 15.3 mm ± 1.6 females, 16.2 mm ± 1.4 males, Po0.001; lower FD 10.6 mm ± 1.3 females, 11.3 mm ± 1.4 males, Po0.001). There was a progressive decline in FD with age (upper fornix depth 16.3 mm ± 1.2 at age 20-29, and 15.0 mm ± 1.8 at age 80+ (P = 0.04)). There was 94-100% intra-observer and inter-observer agreement for upper and lower fornix measurements. Conclusions Using a slightly different custom-designed FDM, central conjunctival fornix depth in white Caucasian eyes appears to be similar to data previously reported in South Asian eyes. Fornix depth measurements were repeatable and reproducible.