In the study reported in this paper the role of social cohesion, residential satisfaction and place identification are examined for their effect on place-related social identity and its consequential impact on attitudes to environmental sustainability. Two neighbourhoods in Guildford, Surrey, England were selected on the basis of their social histories, housing types and socio-economic composition. Ninety residents in each neighbourhood were sampled. Research methods included cognitive mapping and a questionnaire survey. A structural equation model was used to analyse the co-variances between the different factors. The results show clear differences between both neighbourhoods in terms of residential satisfaction, with only some differences in terms of identification and social cohesion and sustainability. Conclusions drawn which suggest an important relationship between identity and sustainability behaviour which is suggestive for future research.