Grain boundary morphologies in poly(styrene-6-butadiene) lamellar diblock copolymers were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two types of twist grain boundaries were observed in which microphase separation of the two blocks was maintained in the grain boundary region by intermaterial dividing surfaces that approximate classically known minimal surfaces. The geometry of these interfaces was demonstrated by comparing experimental TEM images with ray tracing computer simulations of the model surfaces as the projection direction was systematically varied in both the experimental and simulated images. The two morphologies observed were found to have intermaterial dividing surfaces that approximate either Scherk's first (doubly periodic) surface or a section of the right helicoid. The helicoid section boundary was observed at low twist angles, less than or equal to about 15°. The Scherk surface family of boundary morphologies, which consists of a doubly periodic array of saddle surfaces, was found over the entire twist range from 0 to 90°. As the twist angle approaches 0°the Scherk surface grain boundary morphology is transformed into a single screw dislocation that has an intermaterial dividing surface with the geometry of a single helicoid. Direct TEM imaging of the detailed core structure of this screw dislocation is presented. These images demonstrate that in the lamellar diblock copolymer the screw dislocation core is nonsingular. This nonsingular core structure represents a radical classical studies of dislocations in atomic crystals.

This study demonstrated the effect of training nine lower socio-economic adults participating as policy board members in a federally funded rural community project to make behaviorally defined statements to increase problem-solving behaviors in board meetings. A multiple-baseline design across subjects and skills was used to analyze the behavioral categories of: (1) stating the problem; (2) finding solutions to the problem, and (3) implementing the action to the solution. Problem-solving responses during board meetings increased for subjects following training and remained higher than baseline during follow-up.DESCRIPTORS: training problem solving, adults, rural poor, board training, behavioral community psychology, group problem solving, multiple baseline Applied behavior analysis, which began as an experimental-therapeutic endeavor with individual subjects exhibiting deviant or undesirable behavior (Ullmann and Krasner, 1965) has broadened in scope and application such that the principles may now be applied to solve social problems. The term Behavioral Community Psychology seems appropriate to denote applications to socially significant problems in unstructured community settings where the behavior of individuals is not considered deviant in the traditional sense. Encouraging welfare recipients to attend self-help meetings (Miller and Miller, 1970), reinforcing the picking up of litter (Burgess, Clark, and Hendee, 1971;Chapman and Risley, 1974;Clark, Burgess, and Hendee, 'This research is based upon a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the M.S. degree of the first author under the chairmanship of the second author.

We have used a combinatorial gradient technique to map precisely how the terrace structure and microdomain lattice alignment in a thin film of a sphere-forming diblock copolymer are affected by both the thickness of the copolymer film and the height of a series of parallel step edges fabricated on the substrate. We find that for film thicknesses slightly incommensurate with integer numbers of sphere layers, the step edges act as nucleation sites for regions with one more or one fewer layers of spheres. We also find that for our system, the hexagonal lattice formed by a single layer of spheres on the low side of a step edge is aligned along the direction of the step edge only where the film on the high side is sufficiently thin to support only a wetting layer of copolymer material. This work will guide the tuning of film thickness and step height in future studies and applications of graphoepitaxy in block copolymer films.

The workflow discussed in this paper shows the process of building a complex fault framework using wide-azimuth seismic and abundant well data. 3D fault interpretation using azimuthal seismic volumes allows for subtle fault detection and better fault definition. Using special workflows which "snap" seismic faults to the well fault cuts, we illustrate how to build, and quickly update a very complex structure framework with a high level of accuracy.The Bahrain field is a salt-cored, elongated and almost N-S anticline, with multiple oil and gas reservoirs in formations of Paleozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous age. Structural deformation has been nearly continuous from Triassic to early Tertiary, with a complex growth and deformation history (Samahiji and Chaube, SPE 1987), resulting in a highly-faulted structure with compartmentalized and fractured reservoirs. Therefore, building an adequate structure framework model is critical for the new development of this field, where over 250 wells per year are being drilled in various reservoirs.The existing 3D seismic survey in Awali field was acquired in 1998. Though it was intended and initially processed as a narrow azimuth volume, it has been recently reprocessed in wide azimuth mode using new and advanced processing technology (Maili et al, EAGE-Copenhagen, 2012). This advanced processing was made possible by the particular acquisition geometry (cross spread with 8 receiver lines live), allowing for wide azimuth data in the upper part of section where many of the key oil producing reservoirs are located.This new approach to structure framework building using automated workflows described here allows rapid framework updates to be made with data from newly drilled wells, and makes it possible to shorten the cycle time for geologic model building and maintain an "evergreen" model. This up-to-date structure framework also plays a key role in operations for planning new wells and drilling following-up.

This article analyzes unilateral misconduct in standard-setting organizations, including in particular various forms of patent hold-up. The authors identify uncertainties facing agencies and courts reviewing such conduct and describe certain analytical frameworks that agencies can use to determine whether enforcement action is appropriate in a particular case. The article examines three key “unknowns”: whether a standard-setting process was abused or misused in some way; whether such misconduct, if any, had a significant adverse effect on competition; and what remedy, if any, would cure such competitive harm. The authors argue that agencies and courts should protect the reasonable expectations of other participants in the standard-setting process, should adopt a practical approach (a “substantial contribution” test) to problems of causation raised by misconduct in the standard-setting arena, and should favor compulsory licensing as a presumptive remedy in standard-setting cases, reserving others (such as disgorgement) for unusual cases in which compulsory licensing fails adequately to deter or remedy anticompetitive misconduct.

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The analysis, interpretation, and formatting of results are common problems in computer simulations. Graphics programs are a useful tool in analyzing outputs. Among the most powerful programs are SYMVU (from Harvard University's Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis) and SURFACE II (from the Kansas Geological Survey). We describe these programs briefly and show their use in two typical simulation applications. First we use SYMVU to plot cost surfaces from a production model. Next we use SURFACE II to show the distribution of points from a model of a random search. The graphical output is much easier to analyze and interpret than is the more common tabular output.

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