Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica: Cadophora antarctica from soil. Australia: Alfaria dandenongensis on Cyperaceae, Amphosoma persooniae on Persoonia sp., Anungitea nullicana on Eucalyptus sp., Bagadiella eucalypti on Eucalyptus globulus, Castanediella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus sp., Cercospora dianellicola on Dianella sp., Cladoriella kinglakensis on Eucalyptus regnans, Cladoriella xanthorrhoeae (incl. Cladoriellaceae fam. nov. and Cladoriellales ord. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp., Cochlearomyces eucalypti (incl. Cochlearomyces gen. nov. and Cochlearomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Codinaea lambertiae on Lambertia formosa, Diaporthe obtusifoliae on Acacia obtusifolia, Didymella acaciae on Acacia melanoxylon, Dothidea eucalypti on Eucalyptus dalrympleana, Fitzroyomyces cyperi (incl. Fitzroyomyces gen. nov.) on Cyperaceae, Murramarangomyces corymbiae (incl. Murramarangomyces gen. nov., Murramarangomycetaceae fam. nov. and Murramarangomycetales ord. nov.) on Corymbia maculata, Neoanungitea eucalypti (incl. Neoanungitea gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Neoconiothyrium persooniae (incl. Neoconiothyrium gen. nov.) on Persoonia laurina subsp. laurina, Neocrinula lambertiae (incl. Neocrinulaceae fam. nov.) on Lambertia sp., Ochroconis podocarpi on Podocarpus grayae, Paraphysalospora eucalypti (incl. Paraphysalospora gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus sieberi, Pararamichloridium livistonae (incl. Pararamichloridium gen. nov., Pararamichloridiaceae fam. nov. and Pararamichloridiales ord. nov.) on Livistona sp., Pestalotiopsis dianellae on Dianella sp., Phaeosphaeria gahniae on Gahnia aspera, Phlogicylindrium tereticornis on Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pleopassalora acaciae on Acacia obliquinervia, Pseudodactylaria xanthorrhoeae (incl. Pseudodactylaria gen. nov., Pseudodactylariaceae fam. nov. and Pseudodactylariales ord. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp., Pseudosporidesmium lambertiae (incl. Pseudosporidesmiaceae fam. nov.) on Lambertia formosa, Saccharata acaciae on Acacia sp., Saccharata epacridis on Epacris sp., Saccharata hakeigena on Hakea sericea, Seiridium persooniae on Persoonia sp., Semifissispora tooloomensis on Eucalyptus dunnii, Stagonospora lomandrae on Lomandra longifolia, Stagonospora victoriana on Poaceae, Subramaniomyces podocarpi on Podocarpus elatus, Sympoventuria melaleucae on Melaleuca sp., Sympoventuria regnans on Eucalyptus regnans, Trichomerium eucalypti on Eucalyptus tereticornis, Vermiculariopsiella eucalypticola on Eucalyptus dalrympleana, Verrucoconiothyrium acaciae on Acacia falciformis, Xenopassalora petrophiles (incl. Xenopassalora gen. nov.) on Petrophile sp., Zasmidium dasypogonis on Dasypogon sp., Zasmidium gahniicola on Gahnia sieberiana. Brazil: Achaetomium lippiae on Lippia gracilis, Cyathus isometricus on decaying wood, Geastrum caririense on soil, Lycoperdon demoulinii (incl. Lycoperdon subg. Arenicola) on soil, Megatomentella cristata (incl. Megatomentella gen. nov.) on unidentified plant, Mutinus verrucosus on soil, Par...

No abstract

Resumo Durante inventário de fungos conidiais realizado na Serra da Fumaça, Pindobaçu, estado da Bahia, Brasil, foram identificadas 44 espécies. Destas, cinco representam novos registro para o continente americano: Dendryphiosphaera parvula Nawawi & Kuthub., Diplococcium dendrocalami Goh, K.D. Hyde & Umali, Sporidesmiella aspera Kuthub. & Nawawi, S. fusiformis W.P. Wu e Triposporium verruculosum R.F. Castañeda, Gené & Guarro. Stanjehughesia hormiscioides (Corda) Subram. é um novo registro para o Neotrópico; Hemibeltrania decorosa R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr constitui novo registro para a América do Sul e Spadicoides macroobovata Matsush. é um novo registro para o Brasil. Descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica mundial e comentários são apresentados para os novos registros citados. Uma lista com as demais espécies encontradas é adicionada.

During an inventory of ascomycetes in the semi-arid region of Brazil, one new genus and three new species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes were found. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal 28S large subunit were performed to investigate the placement of the new taxa within the class Dothideomycetes. Anteaglonium brasiliense is described as a new species within the order Pleosporales, and Graphyllium caracolinense is described as a new species nested inside Hysteriales. Morphological and molecular data support Hysterodifractum as a new monotypic genus in the Hysteriaceae. The type species, H. partisporum, is characterized by navicular, carbonaceous, gregarious hysterothecia and pigmented, fusiform ascospores that disarticulate into 16 ovoid or obovoid, septate, part-spores. This is the first report of a hysteriaceous fungus producing part-spores.

During an investigation of ascomycetes carried out in one area of Caatinga and three enclaves of the Atlantic Forest in the semi-arid region of Brazil, we found ten interesting species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes. Psiloglonium clavisporum and Rhytidhysteron opuntiae are new records for South America and Anteaglonium abbreviatum, Hysterium angustatum and Hysterobrevium smilacis are new records for Brazil. All species are described, illustrated and discussed.

Resumo Durante investigação de fungos conidiais associados a materiais vegetais em decomposição em uma área de extrema relevância biológica no bioma Caatinga, município de Morro do Chapéu, estado da Bahia, novos registros para o continente Americano, América do Sul, Neotrópico e Brasil foram encontrados. Dendryphiopsis biseptata Morgan-Jones, R.C. Sinclair & Eicker e Virgariella atra S. Hughes são novos registros para o continente Americano; Dictyochaeta matsushimae (Hewings & J.L. Crane) Whitton, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde, Endophragmiella boothii (M.B. Ellis) S. Hughes são reportados pela primeira vez para o Neotrópico; Anungitea palustris R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr., Dictyochaeta anamorfo de Chaetosphaeria dingleyae S. Hughes, W.B. Kendr. & Shoemaker, Dictyochaeta anamorfo de Chaetosphaeria pulchriseta S. Hughes, W.B. Kendr. & Shoemaker, Eversia parvula Hol.-Jech., Gyrothrix hughesii Piroz. e Minimelanolocus navicularis (R.F. Castañeda) R.F. Castañeda são novos registros para a América do Sul; Endophragmiella pallescens B. Sutton, Helicoubisia coronata Lunghini & Rambelli e Selenodriella ponmudiensis (Varghese & V.G. Rao) R.F. Castañeda & Saikawa são reportados pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Descrições, comentários, distribuição geográfica e ilustrações são apresentados para estas espécies.

RESUMO(Alguns fungos conidiais aquáticos-facultativos do bioma Caatinga). Durante o estudo de fungos conidiais associados a substratos vegetais submersos na Serra da Fumaça e na Serra da Jibóia, estado da Bahia, 17 espécies foram identificadas, sendo cinco novos registros: Actinocladium verruculosum para o continente americano, Xylomyces aquaticus para o Neotrópico, Actinocladium longiramosum e Dischloridium inaequiseptatum para a América do Sul e Cacumisporium pleuroconidiophorum para o Brasil. Descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários são apresentados para as espécies acima, bem como uma lista com as demais espécies encontradas.Palavras-chave: biodiversidade, hifomicetos, substrato submerso, taxonomia ABSTRACT (Some facultative-aquatic conidial fungi from the Caatinga Biome). During study of conidial fungi on submerged plant debris in Serra da Fumaça and Serra da Jibóia, Bahia, 17 species were identified. These species included five new records: Actinocladium verruculosum for the American continent, Xylomyces aquaticus for the Neotropics, Actinocladium longiramosum and Dischloridium inaequiseptatum for South America and Cacumisporium pleuroconidiophorum for Brazil. Descriptions, illustrations, geographic distributions and comments are provided for the aforementioned species and a list of all of the species is included.

In the course of studies about conidial fungi that grow on plant debris in the semi-arid region of Brazil, four species of Paliphora were found on unidentified dicotyledonous plants. Paliphora intermedia and P. porosa are recorded for the first time for South America and the neotropics respectively. Paliphora inflata and P. multiseptata are proposed as new species. A key and synoptic table of characters of the five known species of Paliphora are provided.