A procedure for the determination of morphine in process streams by sequential injection analysis based on the chemiluminescence reaction of morphine with acidic potassium permanganate in the presence of sodium hexametaphosphate is presented. The chemiluminescence emission has been monitored using an in-house detection system which consisted of a fibre optic flowthrough cell and a sensitive, low dark current, photomultiplier tube. The calibration graph (range 2 x 10(-8) to 1 x 10(-4) mol/l) was not linear over the entire range of concentration, with a polynomial equation of best fit of y = 1.0 x 10(15) x(3) - 2.2 x 10(11) x(2) + 1.3 x 10(7) x - 8.3. The calibration function approximates linearity over the concentration range 2.5 x 10(-6) to 3.0 x 10(-5) mol/l where the slope of the log-log plot is 1.09 +/- 0.16. The detection limit was estimated at about 10(-8) mol/l from the response of the lowest calibration standard (2.5 x 10(-8) mol/l) which gave a signal to noise ratio of 3 : 1. Although the structurally related codeine did not interfere significantly the results suggest that this method may be susceptible to matrix effects, dependent on the location of sampling from the process stream.
A chemiluminescence (CL) system that combines the simplicity and reproducibility of sequential injection analysis (SIA) with the radial flow properties of the fountain cell was developed. Optimum conditions for SIA involving three overlapping zones were deduced and the analytical utility of the system was demonstrated by the determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose, both analyses based on the luminol reaction. The results obtained show that the combination of SIA and the fountain cell can be used for quantitative analysis and a study of reaction kinetics. The system has minimum reagent consumption and can be evaluated without any reconfiguration of the equipment or reagents involved in a given analysis.
The use of thiourea-formaldehyde resin for retarding the rate of yellow ing of wool by sunlight has been examined. This method provides considerable protection against yellowing, particularly of wet fabrics. It has been found that treatment with thioureaformaldehyde mixtures. which does not give rise to resin, provides similar protection against yellowing. This modification has the advantages that the handle and color of the wool are unaffected, As for the resin treatment, initial rinsing reduces the protective effect, although this is not further reduced by subsequent washing. . ~ -~---
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