Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, is one of the modern techniques emerging in the construction industry. Three-Dimensional Printed Concrete (3DPC) technology is currently evolving with high demand amongst researchers, and the integration of modular building systems with this technology would provide a sustainable solution to modern construction challenges. This work investigates and develops energy-efficient 3D-printable walls that can be implemented worldwide through energy efficiency and sustainability criteria. Numerical research and experimental investigations, bench tests with software packages, and high-precision modern equipment have been used to investigate the thermal performance of 3DPC envelopes with different types of configurations, arrangements of materials, and types of insulation. The research findings showed that an innovative energy-efficient ventilated 3DPC envelope with a low thermal conductivity coefficient was developed following the climatic zone. The annual costs of heat energy consumed for heating and carbon footprint were determined in the software package Revit Insight to assess the energy efficiency of the 3D-printed building. The thermal properties of the main wall body of the tested 3D-printed walls were calculated with on-site monitoring data. The infrared thermography technique detected heterogeneous and non-uniform temperature distributions on the exterior wall surface of the 3DPC tested envelopes.
Multi-skin ventilated facades with integrated building elements that respond to climatic conditions (mechanized openings and automatic shading with intelligent control) present the potential of improving overall annual energy savings by adapting the thermal properties of buildings. This paper presents a literature review on multi-skin adaptive ventilated facades. Additionally, this article presents a literature review on building envelopes that contain inner-air layers. The operation modes of the air layer used in building enclosure structures are classified and summarized and the thermal performance and benefits of climate-adaptive facades are discussed and reviewed. The existing operation modes of the air layer used in building envelopes are summarized, outlined and roughly classified into the following types: the enclosed type, the naturally ventilated type and the mechanically ventilated type. One of the sustainable development trends is the investigation and application of energy-efficient climate-adaptive facades. In this study, the energy modeling of a high-rise office building was calculated using the Green Building Studio. The annual energy, the annual CO2 emissions, and life cycle energy for the following three types of facade were estimated: a single-layer facade made of three-layer glass with argon, a double ventilated facade, and a triple ventilated facade with a double chamber. The calculation results show that the annual energy of the building with an adaptive triple-skin facade could be reduced by 15% compared with buildings with a single skin facade.
The authors of this article made an attempt to consider the emergence of a new cognitive style, the socalled "clip thinking" or "clip consciousness" in the framework of a configurative culture, as well as its development and transformation in the educational process of university students (higher educational institutions) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the work is to build a hypothesis about a change in the approach to educational methods in particular, and to the institution of education in general, in connection with the peculiarities of thinking of representatives of the information society, in particular, students, as well as the peculiarities of the perception of information through the so-called "clips" -outof-context quickly replacing each other, fragmentary theses and judgments containing a bright image without essential content. Presumably, the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic had a catalytic effect on the processes associated with the transition of society to the prefigurative stage of intergenerational communication and entry into the post-industrial epoch in general. Based on the theory of the stages of development of civilization by M. McLuhan and the theory of the evolution of society by E. Toffler, conclusions were drawn about the relationship between changes in society and the transformations of the processes of perception, processing and storage of information.
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