Cardiospermum L. is a genus belonging to Sapindaceae family. It comprises about 17 species of herbs, vines distributed in the tropical regions of the earth. 15 Cardiospermum halicacabum (C. halicacabum) is an herbaceous climber from Sapindaceae family. It is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malacca, Africa and America. It is one such plant which is traditionally used in Ayurvedic and folk medicines. 16 This plant is known to possess various biological and pharmacological properties. Various studies have shown the antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, vasodepressant, anti-inflammatory properties of this plant. It is commonly used for treating arthritis, rheumatism, limbs stiffness, diabetes, lumbago, earache, fever. 17,18 It is the bioactive compounds present in the extracts of leaves, seeds, roots of this plant which contributes for the activities. 19,20 Various pharmacological properties of the phytoconstituents of this plant has been studied. Several chemical constituents such as i.e., apigenin, apigenin-7-Oglucuronide, chrysoeriol-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide rutin, and β-arachidic acid 21 have ABSTRACT Background: Cardiospermum halicacabum (C. halicacabum) is a common medicinal herb found in India and other Asian countries. It has various medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, pain relief, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, anticancer etc. It is commonly used for treating diabetes, arthritis, limbs stiffness, rheumatism, lumbago, earache, fever. Type of solvent and polarity intensively affects the antioxidant activity of the extracts due to the solubility of the phytocompounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids in various solvents. Materials and Methods: In this study, different solvents like, ethanol, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether were used for the extraction of C. halicacabum. Cold maceration method was followed for extraction. The crude extracts were screened preliminary and then confirmed using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical composition of each extract. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method was used for the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of different crude extracts of C. halicacabum. Results: The results showed that there is significant influence of solvent type in preserving various phytocompounds of the C. halicacabum leaves extract. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of different crude extracts was in the order of ethanol > methanol > petroleum ether > chloroform extract.
Cardiospermum halicacabum (CH) is an annual or perennial herbaceous climber about 200-400 cm height and is found throughout tropical as well as subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, which is consumed as a green vegetable in Indian peninsula. CH has its application for the treatment of lumbago, rheumatism, nervous diseases, as a demulcent in orchitis, and in edema. 8,9 The plants have shown activities such as vasodepressant, antipyretic, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiulcer, and suppress the production of TNF α in mononuclear cells of human blood, anti-inflammatory and LPS induced COX 2, TNF α, nitric oxide production. 10,11 The plant has also been widely used for the treatment of skeletal fractures, earache , reduce hardened tumors, hyperthermia, anti-hyperglycaemic, antispasmodic, rheumatism, lumbago, snake bite. 8,9 With this background, the current research was carried out to analyse the chemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial efficiency of methanolic extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum (MECH) leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant collection and processing The plants were collected from Kanavaipatti, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India. Collected plants were ABSTRACT Background: Plants serve as an important source for curing various medical ailments for a wide variety of human and animal diseases. It is therefore necessary to prove the biological activities of the selected plants scientifically using modern technology. The current study focuses on the use of Cardiospermum halicacabum in their wound healing applications. Cardiospermum halicacabum is a well-known plant that has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic properties and it is also used to treat joint pains, muscle tears, back pain, etc. Materials and Methods: In this study methanolic extracts of the active compounds from Cardiospermum halicacabum were tested for its phytochemical attributes by qualitative method, GC-MS, and the antioxidant properties were also assessed. The bactericidal activity and Minimal Inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extract has been evaluated in both Gram +ve and Gram-ve microorganisms using the disc diffusion method. Results: The results obtained showed the presence of significant antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The plant extract was found to be more active against Gram positive microbes compared to Gram negative microbes. The extract has the radical scavenging activity of about 77%. And the GCMS results showed the presence of different phytocompounds which are greatly known for their pharmacognistic activities.
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