This study compared responses on the 60-item version of the Family Assessment Device (FAD) obtained from mothers, fathers, and adolescents in two groups of families. The clinic group consisted of 94 families in which the adolescent had been referred to a mental health service in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. The community group consisted of 94 families, also containing a n adolescent, living in the Adelaide community. Members of the clinic families consistently rated their families as less healthy than did families in the community. Importantly however, adolescents in both groups of families rated their families as significantly less healthy than their parents. Thus, while the results of the study provide support for the discriminative validity of the FAD, they also emphasize the need to consider separately self-reports on family functioning obtained from different members of the same family.
Fifteen clients received short-term, insight-oriented therapy, and 15 received short-term behavior therapy over a 3-month course of treatment. Assessment on a range of outcome criteria was conducted pretreatment and posttreatment. Follow-up was subsequently undertaken (4 months and 1 year later) with the same multiple-outcome criteria as used previously. Process as well as outcome measurement was conducted. Results snowed positive client change for both therapy types over the treatment program, and follow-up testing indicated that patient improvement was sustained up to the 1-year period without deterioration. Process measurement suggested that relational factors may be more influential in determining client change than factors such as type of technique or procedure administered.Short-or long-term follow-up of clients after the administration of a treatment program is generally either omitted from psychotherapy research studies or is attempted inappropriately because adequate client retesting is too demanding. Bergin (1971) categorized a number of relevant deficiencies in previous outcome research that relate to follow-up and that highlight major methodological criteria for therapy evaluation. Brief discussion of these deficiencies is useful because they reflect the principles of evaluation on which the present study of therapy was based.According to Bergin (1971), follow-up needs to examine the client's situation on more than one occasion. Behavior can vary over time (showing either improvement or deterioration), and multiple follow-up assessment isolates the patterning or configuration of effects, thereby providing detailed information on the specific consequences of treatment. The assessment procedures used during the treatment phase should also be employed at each of the follow-up periods. Failure to do so makes interpretations of the Thanks are extended to the following therapists at Mary Street and Stones Corner Psychiatric clinics: Rachael Darken,
Forty one intensive care unit and 61 medical surgical ward registered nurses from two large urban teaching hospitals completed a stress questionnaire to examine stress factors, coping behaviors, and recommendations for alleviating stress within the work environment. Stress variables were grouped into five clusters: patient-related, environmental, management-related, interpersonal, and knowledge and skills. Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect, with the ward nurses perceiving environmental factors as more stressful. Stress factors tend to be related to the overall hospital environment, especially in relation to specific work areas within the institutions.
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