In this paper, modelling and control of a batch bioreactor is studied. A main disadvantage of batch bioreactors compared to other types of bioreactors is their inability to introduce biological or/and chemical substances during operation. Therefore, possibility of bioreactor’s control by means of changing temperature was proposed, analyzed, and implemented. A new supplementary input/output dynamical mathematical model, which considers influence of heating and cooling on a bioprocess, was developed. On a basis of this model, a control system was designed and a method for tuning of the controller was suggested. Results show characteristics, applicability, and advantages of the presented approach.
The model glycoside compound quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was subjected to subcritical water within the temperature range of 120-220 °C, and the hydrothermal degradation products were analyzed. Two kinetic models describing the degradation of this compound in two different atmospheres (N and CO), used for pressure establishment in the reactor, have been developed and compared. Reaction was considered a successive one with three irreversible steps. We confirmed that rutin degradation to quercetin follows first-order kinetics. At higher temperatures quercetin is further degraded in two degradation steps. Formations of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechol were described with the zero-order kinetic models. Reaction rate constants for hydrolysis of glycoside to aglycone in a CO atmosphere are higher compared to those in a N atmosphere, whereas at higher temperatures reaction rate constants for further two successive reactions of aglycone degradation are slightly lower in the presence of CO. The difference in reaction activation energies is practically negligible for both gases. Furthermore, degradation products of sugar moieties, that is, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-methylfurfural, were also detected and analyzed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.