When groups face difficult problems, the voices of experts may be lost in the noise of others’ contributions. We present results from a “naturally noisy” setting, a large first-year undergraduate class, in which the expert’s voice was “lost” to such a degree that bringing forward even more inferior information was optimal. A single individual had little chance to improve the outcome and coordinating with the whole group was impossible. In this setting, we examined the change in behavior before and after people could talk to their neighbors. We found that the number of people who reduced noise by holding back their information strongly and significantly increased.
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Zusammenfassung Interaktive Webanwendungen, mit tausenden von Nutzern, erfordern den adäquaten Einsatz von geeigneten Datenbanktechnologien zur Verwaltung und Bereitstellung der ausgetauschten Daten. Am Beispiel des Open SourceProjektes PINGO wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die dokumentenorientierte NoSQL-Datenbank MongoDB in eine Webanwendungsarchitektur integrieren lässt, sodass die Datenbank skaliert und alle Datenbankzugriffe unmittelbar ausgeführt werden kön-nen. Ein Lasttest-Szenario belegt, dass die Geschwindigkeit der Gesamtanwendung nicht durch die genutzte MongoDB-Instanz, sondern durch die Ausstattung des eingesetzten Webservers limitiert wird. Im Szenario war es nicht möglich eine Lastobergrenze von MongoDB zu identifizieren, da sich die Netzwerkverbindung mit einer Übertragungsbandbreite von 400 Mbit/s als limitierender Faktor erwies. Darüber hinaus werden die mehr als fünfjährigen Projekterfahrungen genutzt, um die Entwicklung mit MongoDB kritisch zu reflektieren. Im Anwendungskontext zeigt sich MongoDB als flexible Datenbanktechnologie, welche sich einfach in das verwendete Web-Framework Ruby on Rails integrieren lässt. Die Konzepte der Schemalosigkeit und die Möglichkeit zur Bildung von logischen Einheiten zwischen Datenspeicherung und Darstellung erlauben zudem eine agile Weiterentwicklung der Webanwendung. Die größten Herausforderungen im Projektkontext resultierten aus der Tendenz vieler Entwickler relationale Modellierungskonzepte auf MongoDB zu übertragen.Schlüsselwörter Dokumentenorientiere NoSQL-Datenbanken · MongoDB · NoSQL im Web · Skalierbare Webanwendungen Abstract Interactive web applications with thousands of users need appropriate database technologies in order store and exchange data. Using the open source project PINGO as an example, we illustrate how the document-oriented NoSQL database MongoDB can be integrated with the web application stack, so that the database system scales up and every query is performed instantaneously. A load test scenario documents that the limiting factor is the webserver rather than the MongoDB instance. We could not find an upper bound for the load of MongoDB with the PINGO application as the 400 Mbit/s network connection turned out to be the bottleneck of the whole stack. Furthermore, we use our five years of experience with the project to reflect on the development process with MongoDB. The database integrates seamlessly with the Ruby on Rails framework and enables a very flexible development process. Moreover, the schemaless nature of MongoDB and the possibility to combine the object model with the persisted model facilitate agile methods for the continuous development of the application. Most challenges with the NoSQL technology were caused by developers who used previously learnt relational modeling approaches within the context of MongoDB.
Research on ad copy design is well-studied
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