Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, is one of the modern techniques emerging in the construction industry. Three-Dimensional Printed Concrete (3DPC) technology is currently evolving with high demand amongst researchers, and the integration of modular building systems with this technology would provide a sustainable solution to modern construction challenges. This work investigates and develops energy-efficient 3D-printable walls that can be implemented worldwide through energy efficiency and sustainability criteria. Numerical research and experimental investigations, bench tests with software packages, and high-precision modern equipment have been used to investigate the thermal performance of 3DPC envelopes with different types of configurations, arrangements of materials, and types of insulation. The research findings showed that an innovative energy-efficient ventilated 3DPC envelope with a low thermal conductivity coefficient was developed following the climatic zone. The annual costs of heat energy consumed for heating and carbon footprint were determined in the software package Revit Insight to assess the energy efficiency of the 3D-printed building. The thermal properties of the main wall body of the tested 3D-printed walls were calculated with on-site monitoring data. The infrared thermography technique detected heterogeneous and non-uniform temperature distributions on the exterior wall surface of the 3DPC tested envelopes.
Abstract. Thermal stability of the enclosure structures is one of the most important objective in the building design. Thermal processes in the wall depend not only on the internal and external air temperature, but also on many other factors. Therefore, complexity of this process make heat conservation in the room to be an actual problem. This paper presents dependence between thermal stability of the enclosure structure and its design. It was shown that thermophysical characteristics of materials directly affect the thermal processes in the wall. For the research, three frequently used types of enclosure structure in Russia were taken. For each wall was found the average temperature and cooling time. As a result, it was found that the higher values of thermal conductivity, specific heat and material density are, the higher average temperature of the wall is.
Introduction: the article suggests a method for determining a thermal resistance of small and large-sized areas (one-dimensional and multidimensional problems) of wall enclosure. The subject of the study is the thermal resistance of homogeneous scalar medium (homogeneous wall enclosure). The aim is the determination of thermal resistance of a wall structure for areas of arbitrary dimension (by the coordinates xi, where 1 ≤ i ≤ d and d is the area dimension) filled with a scalar (homogeneous and isotropic) heat-conducting medium.
Materials and methods: the article used the following physical laws: Fourier law (the value of the heat flow when transferring heat through thermal conductivity) and continuity condition for the heat flow rate leading to the thermal conductivity equation.
Results: this method extends the standard definition of thermal resistance. The research proved that the active thermal resistance does not increase with increasing of the area dimension (for example, when switching from a thin shell or plate to a rectangle with length and width of the same order of magnitude). That is the sense of geometric inclusion, i.e., increase of the dimension of an area filled with a homogeneous isotropic medium. Evident expressions are obtained for the determination of active, reactive, and total thermal resistance. It is proved that the total resistance is higher than the active resistance since the reactive resistance is positive, and the wall possesses an ability to suppress the temperature fluctuations and accumulate/give up the heat.
Conclusions: the appearance of an additional wall dimension (comparable length-to-thickness ratio) does not increase its active resistance. In the general case, the total thermal resistance exceeds the active thermal resistance no more than four times. Geometric inclusions must be considered in the calculation of wall enclosures that are variant from one-dimensional bodies.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.