Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, is one of the modern techniques emerging in the construction industry. Three-Dimensional Printed Concrete (3DPC) technology is currently evolving with high demand amongst researchers, and the integration of modular building systems with this technology would provide a sustainable solution to modern construction challenges. This work investigates and develops energy-efficient 3D-printable walls that can be implemented worldwide through energy efficiency and sustainability criteria. Numerical research and experimental investigations, bench tests with software packages, and high-precision modern equipment have been used to investigate the thermal performance of 3DPC envelopes with different types of configurations, arrangements of materials, and types of insulation. The research findings showed that an innovative energy-efficient ventilated 3DPC envelope with a low thermal conductivity coefficient was developed following the climatic zone. The annual costs of heat energy consumed for heating and carbon footprint were determined in the software package Revit Insight to assess the energy efficiency of the 3D-printed building. The thermal properties of the main wall body of the tested 3D-printed walls were calculated with on-site monitoring data. The infrared thermography technique detected heterogeneous and non-uniform temperature distributions on the exterior wall surface of the 3DPC tested envelopes.
Abstract. Thermal stability of the enclosure structures is one of the most important objective in the building design. Thermal processes in the wall depend not only on the internal and external air temperature, but also on many other factors. Therefore, complexity of this process make heat conservation in the room to be an actual problem. This paper presents dependence between thermal stability of the enclosure structure and its design. It was shown that thermophysical characteristics of materials directly affect the thermal processes in the wall. For the research, three frequently used types of enclosure structure in Russia were taken. For each wall was found the average temperature and cooling time. As a result, it was found that the higher values of thermal conductivity, specific heat and material density are, the higher average temperature of the wall is.
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