Oral and fecal microbial biomarkers have previously been associated with cardiometabolic (CM) risk, however, no comprehensive attempt has been made to explore this association in minority populations or across different geographic regions. We characterized gut- and oral-associated microbiota and CM risk in 655 participants of African-origin, aged 25–45, from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, and the United States (US). CM risk was classified using the CM risk cut-points for elevated waist circumference, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and elevated triglycerides. Gut-associated bacterial alpha diversity negatively correlated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose. Similarly, gut bacterial beta diversity was also significantly differentiated by waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceridemia and HDL-cholesterolemia. Notably, differences in inter- and intra-personal gut microbial diversity were geographic-region specific. Participants meeting the cut-points for 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors were significantly more enriched with Lachnospiraceae, and were significantly depleted of Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Prevotella . The predicted relative proportions of the genes involved in the pathways for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and butyrate synthesis were also significantly differentiated by the CM risk phenotype, whereby genes involved in the butyrate synthesis via lysine, glutarate and 4-aminobutyrate/succinate pathways and LPS synthesis pathway were enriched in participants with greater CM risk. Furthermore, inter-individual oral microbiota diversity was also significantly associated with the CM risk factors, and oral-associated Streptococcus , Prevotella , and Veillonella were enriched in participants with 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors. We demonstrate that in a diverse cohort of African-origin adults, CM risk is significantly associated with reduced microbial diversity, and the enrichment of specific bacterial taxa and predicted functional traits in both gut and oral environments. As well as providing new insights into the associations between the gut and oral microbiota and CM risk, this study also highlights the potential for novel therapeutic discoveries which target the oral and gut microbiota in CM risk.
2 46 Abstract 47 Oral and fecal microbial biomarkers have previously been associated with cardiometabolic (CM) risk, 48 however, no comprehensive attempt has been made to explore this association in minority populations 49 or across different geographic regions. We characterized gut-and oral-associated microbiota and CM 50 risk in 655 participants of African-origin, aged 25-45, from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, and the United 51 States (US). CM risk was classified using the CM risk cut-points for elevated waist circumference, 52 elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and 53 elevated triglycerides. Gut-associated bacterial alpha diversity negatively correlated with elevated blood 54 pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose. Similarly, gut bacterial beta diversity was also significantly 55 differentiated by waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceridemia and HDL-cholesterolemia. Notably, 56 differences in inter-and intra-personal gut microbial diversity were geographic-region specific.57 Participants meeting the cut-points for 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors were significantly more enriched with 58 Lachnospiraceae, and were significantly depleted of Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and 59 Prevotella. The predicted relative proportions of the genes involved in the pathways for 60 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and butyrate synthesis were also significantly differentiated by the CM risk 61 phenotype, whereby genes involved in the butyrate synthesis via lysine, glutarate and 4-62 aminobutyrate/succinate pathways and LPS synthesis pathway were enriched in participants with greater 63 CM risk. Furthermore, inter-individual oral microbiota diversity was also significantly associated with the 64 CM risk factors, and oral-associated Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella were enriched in 65 participants with 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors. We demonstrate that in a diverse cohort of African-origin 66 adults, CM risk is significantly associated with reduced microbial diversity, and the enrichment of specific 67 bacterial taxa and predicted functional traits in both gut and oral environments. As well as providing new 68 insights into the associations between the gut and oral microbiota and CM risk, this study also highlights 69 the potential for novel therapeutic discoveries which target the oral and gut microbiota in CM risk.3 70 Introduction 71 72 Metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic (CM) risk are associated with increased morbidity and 73 mortality(1-3), and includes five risk factors: visceral obesity, elevated fasted blood glucose and elevated 74 blood pressure, decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia(4). In the US, 75 as many as 35% of all US adults present with CM risk(5), when defined using the "Adult Treatment Panel 76 criteria"(6). Between 1988 and 2012, the greatest increase in the prevalence of CM disease was seen 77 among black men, estimated to be currently around 55%, and rose by 41% among black women(5).78 ...
Background Cardiometabolic (CM) risk affects approximately 25% of adults globally, and is diagnosed by meeting 3 out of 5 of the following CM risk factors: elevated blood pressure, high triglycerides, elevated blood sugar, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and abdominal obesity. Adults with CM risk are approximately 22% more likely to have higher mortality rates, and alcohol consumption may be associated with higher CM risk. While previous studies have investigated this potential connection, the majority of them did not include African-origin adults. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the association between alcohol intake and CM risk in 5 African-origin cohorts, spanning the epidemiologic transition in Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles and the United States of America. Methods Measurements included clinical measures for CM risk and self-reported alcohol consumption. Each participant was categorized into one of three drinking categories: non-drinker, light drinker (1–3 drinks daily for men and 1–2 drinks daily for women) and heavy drinker (4 or more drinks every day for men and 3 or more drinks per day for women). Using non-drinker status as the reference, the association between alcohol consumption status and prevalence of each of the five CM risk factors and overall elevated CM risk (having 3 out of 5 risk factors) was explored, adjusting for site, age and sex. Associations were explored using logistic regression and significance was determined using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results Neither light nor heavy drinking was associated with increased odds for having higher CM risk compared to nondrinkers (OR = 1.05, p = 0.792 and OR = 1.11, p = 0.489, respectively). However, light drinking was associated with lower odds for having low high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol (OR = 0.69, p = 0.002) and increased risk for high triglycerides (OR = 1.48, p = 0.030). Heavy drinking was associated with elevated blood pressure (OR = 1.59, p = 0.002), high triglycerides (OR = 1.73, p = 0.006) and decreased risk of low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.621, p < 0.0005). Finally, country-specific analyses indicated that the relationship between heavy drinking and elevated CM risk varied widely across sites. Conclusion While several CM risk factors were associated with alcohol consumption, the associations were inconsistent and varied widely across five international cohorts of African-origin. Future studies should focus on understanding the individual site-related effects.
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