Thermal bridges have significant influence at calculation of the energy performance classes of buildings. This especially applies to countries where energy performance classes of buildings are determined based only on energy consumption for heating (such as Serbia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia...). Significant differences arise in determining the heat losses due to thermal bridges. Differences that can occur by using simplified methods depending on national recommendations of different countries are shown in this article.
SUMMARY:Building with earth is widespread and still mostly based on traditional experiences. Increasing demands in energy consumption reduction during the construction and exploitation of buildings put more and more in the focus the good features of houses built with earth.Testing of earth mixtures with other natural materials showed that it can get even a quality of bricks, which indicates the lack of appropriate standards for this type of construction.Testing are performed with mixes of earth and straw intended forrammed earth and adobe construction. This method of preparation and construction applies in alternate construction with straw bales and it is also used in the construction of prefabricated panels with wooden frame filled with a mixture earth and straw where it is possible to build prefabricated structures or as a filling of wall screens in skeletal structural system of larger dimensions and number of floors.Laboratory tests have shown that the mechanical and thermal properties of this material fulfilled the high demands for the construction of modern buildings. Based on the presented results it can proceed the development and testing of structural elements for that kind of building.Also, based on results, in the article the authors presented possibilities of architectural design of various building possibilities of objects, as practical examples of prefabrication applied in some countries.
UVODIspitivanje mešavina zemlje sa drugim prirodnim materijalima zasnovano na tradicionalnim iskustvima treba da pokaže kako se može preciznije pripravljati i ugrađivati ova vrsta materijala uz manji utrošak energije i rada. Prema planu ispitivanje se vrši u više faza 6 . Prva faza ispitivinja provedena je kroz seriju eksperimenata u sklopu laboratorijskih vežbi sa studentima u okviru predmeta Tradicionalni materijali. Izrađeno je i ispitano nekoliko stotina uzoraka različitih mešavina koji su grupisani po sastavu. U ovom izveštaju prikazani su rezultati za jednu grupu uzoraka.
Earth construction has long tradition in our civilization with wide distribution in various ways and techniques of application. When combined with other natural materials it is the material for construction of comfortable space for people. Increased need for energy efficient houses actualizes this type of construction in modern conditions as a holistic solution for modern buildings. In addition to many uses of earth as a building material, rammed earth wall came to consideration since it allows us to observe most of the advantages and disadvantages of this type of construction. Finding solutions to remedy observed disadvantages will lead to improved construction of adobe, wattle-and-daub, unbaked bricks, etc. This paper is aimed at proving energy efficiency of rammed earth wall and it points out possible research directions into improvements while preserving existing benefits. The most important issue is preservation of cost efficiency of earth building while using other natural supplements into the soil mixture.
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