In this paper a new rheological-dynamical continuum dam
An improved analytical model based on rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) is briefly explained and used for the analysis of concrete cylinders under compression. The approach involves standard mechanical properties such as compressive strength, elastic modulus, concrete density and Poisson's ratio for the prediction of both the ascending and the descending branch of the stress-strain curve. Our own experimental data for arbitrarily selected high strength concrete with high deformability was analyzed. Further, the validity of the RDA model is checked against tests of other authors for one normal concrete and for six recycled aggregate concrete mixtures. To demonstrate the capabilities of the improved model, using analytically established stress-strain relations for analyzed samples, the moment-curvature relations and ductility of reinforced concrete beams in bending were numerically examined. The analysis showed that the ductile behavior of beams made of concrete with recycled aggregate can be achieved by limiting the reinforcement ratio to 0.01 if the recycled concrete aggregate is used and to 0.02 for recycled brick aggregate.
Thermal bridges have significant influence at calculation of the energy performance classes of buildings. This especially applies to countries where energy performance classes of buildings are determined based only on energy consumption for heating (such as Serbia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia...). Significant differences arise in determining the heat losses due to thermal bridges. Differences that can occur by using simplified methods depending on national recommendations of different countries are shown in this article.
SUMMARY:Building with earth is widespread and still mostly based on traditional experiences. Increasing demands in energy consumption reduction during the construction and exploitation of buildings put more and more in the focus the good features of houses built with earth.Testing of earth mixtures with other natural materials showed that it can get even a quality of bricks, which indicates the lack of appropriate standards for this type of construction.Testing are performed with mixes of earth and straw intended forrammed earth and adobe construction. This method of preparation and construction applies in alternate construction with straw bales and it is also used in the construction of prefabricated panels with wooden frame filled with a mixture earth and straw where it is possible to build prefabricated structures or as a filling of wall screens in skeletal structural system of larger dimensions and number of floors.Laboratory tests have shown that the mechanical and thermal properties of this material fulfilled the high demands for the construction of modern buildings. Based on the presented results it can proceed the development and testing of structural elements for that kind of building.Also, based on results, in the article the authors presented possibilities of architectural design of various building possibilities of objects, as practical examples of prefabrication applied in some countries.
This paper presents an original contribution with assessment of the current state in exploitation safety and usability of thin concrete domes of the beauteous Subotica Synagogue, built in 1902. The authors are analyzing the condition of the materials used in the Subotica Synagogue, on extracted samples of concrete and steel reinforcement with a binder which was used instead of cement, a gypsum -CaSO4×0,5H2O. The source of the problem, according to the author, is the lack of limeCa(OH)2 from the mixture of gypsum and pozzolanic aggregates made of baked clay. This is the main reason for poor concrete strength of only 7.6 MPa and the present significant corrosion processes in the steel reinforcement of that concrete, which far from the recommended values of pH ≥ 12, have a measured value of only pH = 7.55. These results advise a need for repair of the part of the building that has not been analyzed or investigated yet, partially due to difficult access and also apparently good condition, since cracks, larger deformation or collapse have not appeared yet. The condensation on the domes is damaging the painted decorations with gilding which is falling and reduces the exploitation safety and the mood of the visitors and believers, who came to the synagogue. The authors are proposing a method for rehabilitation of the vaults and ribs of the beautiful Subotica Synagogue domes by simultaneously satisfying the exploitation safety and avoiding the occurrence of condensation and damaging of the painted and gilded ceilings. We believe that the article will inspire and have a positive effect in the professional and scientific society so in other synagogues in Europe and around the world the exploitation usability of vaults will be inspected and if necessary, possible repairs can be made in the same or any similar way as proposed in this scientific work.
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