The analysis by HPLC-PDA of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of M. eriocarpum together with the injection of the fractions containing the already identified metabolites allowed the detection of at least 5 flavonoids, of which two are derived from apigenin and three from luteolin. After isolating larger amounts of isovitexin (I), assays were performed to evaluate the allelopathic activity together with the crude extract.The results show that the initial inhibition indexes were very similar to those observed in the treatments with F17 (Fraction enriched in isovitexin) and F18 (isovitexin), mainly in the concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg.L -1 . The index of the number of lateral roots, an increase of the inhibitory effect
Nephrolepis exaltata L. Schott "Bostoniensis" family Davalliaceae and Equisetum giganteum L. family Equisetaceae, Phylum Pteridophyta, exhibit a strong mechanism of dominance in the areas in which they live. Have secondary compounds with allelopathic activity. The objective of this article was evaluate allelopathic potential of two ferns species, using bioassay applying aqueous extracts of dried fronds, in cucumber and lettuce seeds, and observing germination and initial development. To observe the influence on germination was analyze the percentage of germinated seeds and germination speed index (GSI). To observe initial development was analyzed shoot and root growth of the seedlings. The bioassays revealed that no concentration significantly inhibited the germination, but germination speed was delayed gradually in two species tested, as increased the extract concentration. In initial development, all the extracts showed a tendency to inhibit the growth, and an increase in extract concentration decreasing growth of radicle and hypocotyl axis. We conclude that the aqueous extract has inhibitory activity more pronounced in early development than in seed germination, affecting the primary structures of the tested plants, corroborating with the observations of occurrences of the species in natural places where dominate and suppress the growth of other species.
The use of extracts from plants and/or allelopathic compounds from natural products can minimize the use of pesticides in agriculture. This is a chemical study of Machaerium eriocarpum branch extract and the evaluation of the allelopathic potential of Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfed and M. eriocarpum Benth (Fabaceae) leaves and branches extracts. The triterpene lupeol was isolated from the hydroethanolic extract of M. eriocarpum branches. The quantification of this compound in all extracts was performed by HPLC-APCI-MS/MS and the highest amount of lupeol was observed in the leaves extract of M. eriocarpum. Allelopathy tests were carried out against seeds of Sorghum bicolor L. (sorghum), evaluating the final percentage of germination, germination speed index (GSI), root growth and number of lateral roots. The leaves extracts of both species were effective in the inhibition of the root growth as well as of the lateral roots. The branches extract of M. hirtum showed inhibitory effect in the root growth and lateral roots only in 50 and 100 mg.L -1 doses. The lupeol showed mainly a strong inhibition of seed germination, root growth and lateral root appearance at 100 μM. This study showed the potentiality of Machaerium extracts and lupeol as bioherbicides.
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