Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a poor prognosis type of tumour due to its resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. SOCS1 and SOCS3 have been associated with tumour progression and response to treatments in different kinds of cancers, including GBM. In this study, cell lines of IDH -wildtype GBM from primary cultures were obtained, and the role of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the radiotherapy response was analysed. Fifty-two brain aspirates from GBM patients were processed, and six new cell lines of IDH -wildtype GBM were established. These new cell lines were characterized according to the WHO classification of CNS tumours. SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression levels were determined, at mRNA level by Q-PCR, at protein level by immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analysis. The results showed that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are overexpressed in GBM, as compared to a non-tumoral brain RNA pool. SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression were reduced by siRNA, and it was found that SOCS3 inhibition increases radioresistance in GBM cell lines, suggesting a key role of SOCS3 in radioresistant acquisition. In addition, radioresistant clonal populations obtained by selective pressure on these cell cultures also showed a significant decrease in SOCS3 expression, while SOCS1 remained unchanged. Furthermore, the induction of SOCS3 expression, under a heterologous promoter, in a radiotherapy resistant GBM cell line increased its radiosensitivity, supporting an important implication of SOCS3 in radiotherapy resistance acquisition. Finally, the treatment with TSA in the most radioresistant established cell line produced an increase in the effect of radiotherapy, that correlated with an increase in the expression of SOCS3 . These effects of TSA disappeared if the increase in the expression of SOCS3 prevented with an siRNA against SOCS3 . Thus, SOCS3 signal transduction pathway (JAK/STAT) could be useful to unmask new putative targets to improve radiotherapy response in GBM.
Background Laparoscopic pain is related to the stretching of the peritoneum and peritoneal irritation caused by insufflation of the parietal peritoneum with carbon dioxide. In 2017, erector spinae plane block (ESPB) was described for management of postoperative pain following open and laparoscopic abdominal surgery. The use of multimodal anesthesia reduces both intraoperative and postoperative opioid use and improves analgesia. The addition of dexmedetomidine to the anesthetic mixture significantly prolongs analgesia, without clinically significant side effects. Case Presentation We describe a series of three Caucasian women cases that illustrate the efficacy of bilateral ESPB performed at the level of the T7 transverse process to provide intraoperative and postoperative analgesia for laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Conclusion Further investigation is recommended to establish the potential for ESPB with dexmedetomidine as adjuvant as an opioid-free anesthetic modality in laparoscopic gynecological surgery.
Have you ever wondered what coffee is? Coffee is just an excuse. An excuse to tell a friend that you love him."-Edoardo De Crescenzo This quote from Edoardo De Crescenzo, a famous Neapolitan writer, director, and actor, explains one important truth: in Naples, coffee is not only the propellant to ease through night shifts; it is a social moment to be shared. It involves everyone and erases any power relations and all feelings of awe. All men are equal over a cup of steaming hot espresso coffee. To soothe the anxiety of our patients, we are used to sedating them, sometimes even before they reach the operating room. Midazolam is great, clonidine is very sophisticated, and propofol is super effective. .. but have you ever tried coffee? When it's time to empathize with patients about to undergo surgery, coffee is the ultimate icebreaker. When health issues are at play, patients always have mixed feelings, fear and awe, especially of those providing them with care. Actually, caregivers often do nothing to erase this distance: sometimes they do not want to, and sometimes they can't, because dealing with pain can consume one's attention, especially if you associate it with a single face, a voice, a person. We have therefore created complex scores and predictive tables to understand and codify perioperative anxiety, as if it were something inexplicable or incomprehensible, while it is the most human and spontaneous reaction of patients, especially those admitted into a cancer hospital.
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