Objective. To assess the effect of intranasal recombinant interferon alpha-2b medicine (IFN-α2b, Grippferon) in the complex treatment of children with thermal burn injury based on the changes in the clinical parameters and the levels of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in saliva. Patients and methods. The study included two groups of children with thermal burn injury that were comparable by gender, age and burn injury type. Main group patients (Group I, n = 20) received recombinant human IFN-α2b medicine intranasally in addition to the basic treatment, whereas the control group patients (Group II, n = 20) were given only the basic therapy. The results were compared with data of 20 healthy children (healthy controls). The levels of IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-1a, -1b, -4, -5, -6, -10, TNF-α and TNF-β were measured during follow-up visits on days 1 and 10 in the hospital. Results were analysed using Statistica 6.0 software. Null hypotheses were rejected at p < 0.05. Results. Our findings reveal that the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in all patients were lower, than those in healthy controls (p < 0.050), except for IL-6 and IL-10, whose levels increased (p = 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). The levels of mediators correlated with the burn area and depth (0.031 ≤ p ≤ 0.050). The use of intranasal recombinant IFN-α2b medicine was associated with a less pronounced imbalance in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and ensured a 20% reduction in the absolute risk of acute respiratory viral disease (χ2 = 4,44, p = 0,035). Conclusion. Thermal burn injury in children can compromise the immunological homeostasis, manifested by changes in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mixed unstimulated saliva. Intranasal recombinant IFN-α2b medicine (Grippferon) has an immunomodulatory effect and can be recommended as a part of complex treatment of children with thermal burn injury for the prevention of acute respiratory viral diseases. Keywords: burn, thermal burn injury, cytokines, interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon, prevention, acute respiratory viral infections
There is a hypothesis among the scientists that COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 have negative effect on the immune system. Many reports on multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) development after COVID-19 are published worldwide. Whereas, the impact of this infection on prevalence and course of any other infectious diseases has not been studied. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the estimation of other infectious diseases course after COVID-19 by analyzing the clinical case of pneumococcal septicemia in 17 years old boy who has undergone COVID-19. We obtained data about COVID-19 during the analysis of the child's medical history. The course of infectious process was similar to the course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), compared by clinical manifestations. The results of ELISA blood assay have proved it: we revealed IgG to SARS-CoV-2. However, PCR test revealed S. pneumoniae DNA in blood, so MIS-C diagnosis was excluded. The role of SARS-CoV-2 in other diseases in postcovid period can not be excluded, and it requires further studies. Development of screening and rehabilitation principles is recommended despite the severity of COVID-19 in children.
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