Ultrafast Tm-doped fibre lasers have been actively studied for the last decade due to their potential applications in precise mid-IR spectroscopy, LIDARs, material processing and more. The majority of research papers is devoted to the comparison between a numerical modelling and experimental results; however, little attention is being paid to the comprehensive description of the mathematical models and parameters of the active and passive components forming cavities of Tm-doped all-fibre lasers. Thus, here we report a numerical model of a stretched-pulsed Tm-doped fibre laser with hybrid mode-locking and compare it with experimental results. The key feature of the developed numerical model is employment of the experimentally measured dispersion coefficients and optimisation of some model parameters, such as the bandwidth of the spectral filter spectral filtering and the saturation power of the active fibre, for a conformity with the experiment. The developed laser emits 331.7 fs pulses with a 23.8 MHz repetition rate, 6 mW of average power, 0.25 nJ of pulse energy, and a 21.66 nm spectral bandwidth at a peak wavelength of 1899.5 nm. The numerical model characteristics coincide with experimentally achieved spectral width, pulse duration, and average power with inaccuracy of 4.7%, 5.4%, and 22.9%, respectively. Moreover, in the discussion of the work the main possible reasons influencing this inaccuracy are highlighted. Elimination of those factors might allow to increase accuracy even more. We show that numerical model has a good agreement with the experiment and can be used for development of ultrafast Tm-doped fibre laser systems.
The duration reduction and the peak power increase of ultrashort pulses generated by all-fiber sources at a wavelength of $$1.9\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$ 1.9 μ m are urgent tasks. Finding an effective and easy way to improve these characteristics of ultrafast lasers can allow a broad implementation of wideband coherent supercontinuum sources in the mid-IR range required for various applications. As an alternative approach to sub-100 fs pulse generation, we present an ultrafast all-fiber amplifier based on a normal-dispersion germanosilicate thulium-doped active fiber and a large-mode-area silica-fiber compressor. The output pulses have the following characteristics: the central wavelength of $$1.9\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$ 1.9 μ m , the repetition rate of 23.8 MHz, the energy per pulse period of 25 nJ, the average power of 600 mW, and a random output polarization. The pulse intensity and phase profiles were measured via the second-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating technique for a linearly polarized pulse. The linearly polarized pulse has a duration of 71 fs and a peak power of 128.7 kW. The maximum estimated peak power for all polarizations is 220 kW. The dynamics of ultrashort-pulse propagation in the amplifier were analyzed using numerical simulations.
We have optimised a hybrid mode-locked holmium-doped fibre laser and a holmium-doped fibre amplifier for obtaining stable pulses as short as possible. Temporal and spectral characteristics of pulsed light have been measured as functions of pump power. Lasing has been achieved in the wavelength range 2066 – 2068 nm, with a full width at half maximum of the emission spectrum from 3 to 4 nm. The pulse duration does not exceed 1 ps and the pulse energy ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 nJ. To raise the pulse energy, holmium-doped fibre amplifiers based on two types of active fibre have been used. We have demonstrated a decrease in the width of the central part of the pulse autocorrelation function and considerable broadening of the spectrum of the pulses. The maximum average power at the amplifier output exceeds 200 mW.
We demonstrate amplification dynamics and compression of 1.9 μm ultrashort (330 fs) pulses using a normal dispersion thulium-doped germanosilicate fiber. The maximum pulse energy is 65 nJ and minimum pulse duration is 60 fs.
Broadband supercontinuum sources are of interest for various applications. The near-infrared region (1-3 µm) is specifically useful for biomedical diagnostics. One of the promising medium for supercontinuum generation in the infrared region is the strongly guiding nonlinear waveguide with an arsenic trisulfide core (As 2 S 3 ) and a fused silica cladding. The geometrical and chemical properties of such a waveguide allow to finely tune the dispersion landscape and nonlinearity through the core diameter variations. Here we report the generation of octave-spanning supercontinuum in As 2 S 3 -silica hybrid nanospike waveguides pumped by a thulium-doped all-fiber femtosecond laser and amplifier system at 1.9 µm wavelength. The widest supercontinuum was obtained in the wavelength range from 1.1 to 2.5 µm (full width at -10 dB) in the waveguide with core diameter of 1.7 µm. Generation of significant dispersive waves as well as third harmonics component are observed. Numerical simulation shows that the generated supercontinua are coherent in the entire spectral range and can be exploited to create a self-referenced laser comb.
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