Objetivos: promover a redução de estresse em estudantes de Medicina por meio do treinamento em habilidades sociais e identificar a relação entre o estresse e o repertório interpessoal. Métodos: foram utilizados os Inventários de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp e o de Habilidades Sociais de Del Prette e Del Prette, para as avaliações antes e depois da intervenção, em doze universitários de uma instituição privada, num programa de sete sessões de exercícios práticos construídos com base nas habilidades consideradas deficitárias. Resultados: após a intervenção detectou-se a redução de níveis de estresse em 58% dos participantes. Entre os casos de diminuição de estresse, constatou-se melhoria nas habilidades sociais gerais (57%) relativas à expressão de sentimento positivo (87%) e autocontrole da agressividade (57%). Conclusão: observaram-se efeitos do treinamento na diminuição do estresse, mas como a análise da correlação entre habilidades sociais e estresse não apresentou significância estatística novos estudos devem ser conduzidos.

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Introdução: A Entrevista Motivacional (EM) é uma abordagem pautada na empatia, na escuta reflexiva e na resolução da ambivalência para auxiliar no processo de mudança. Desde sua criação, foram realizadas revisões teóricas importantes com o objetivo de aprimorar o método e melhor adequá-lo às diferentes demandas, porém a literatura no Brasil ainda encontra-se desatualizada. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão não-sistemática da literatura sobre a EM buscando sintetizar e apresentar as principais mudanças teóricas realizadas. Resultados e Discussão: Os princípios centrais e as fases da mudança foram algumas das reformulações propostas, que agora melhor refletem a complexidade do processo e oferecem diretrizes mais estruturadas para direcionar o trabalho do terapeuta, esclarecendo também alguns dos conceitos originais. Conclusões: Considerando o aumento da utilidade da EM nos diversos contextos e as mudanças realizadas ao longo dessas últimas décadas, acredita-se que esta atualização favorecerá o ensino, pesquisa e a prática da EM no país.

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Background: There are remarkably high smoking rates in patients living with mental disorders (PLWMD), and the absence of a specific treatment policy for smoking cessation for these patients worldwide. The present study aimed to (i) investigate the quality of service and commitment to tobacco dependence treatment, and (ii) produce high-quality French versions of the Index of Tobacco Treatment Quality (ITTQ) and Tobacco Treatment Commitment Scale (TTCS). Methods: ITTQ and TTCS were used to assess French mental health professionals ( n = 80). Both scales were translated from their original language following standard procedures (i.e. forward translation). Descriptive analysis for total score, each factor and item were calculated for the entire sample, followed by subgroup analysis by gender, and role of the practitioner. Results: Nurses presented higher levels of both treatment commitment and treatment quality in their mental health care units, compared to psychiatrists, and residents. Overall, counseling offering was low and there was a perception that it is unfair to take tobacco away from PLWMD. In the other hand, there were high levels of smoking assessment and perceptions that nicotine dependence should be included in drug treatment programs. Conclusions: There is a gap in tobacco treatment implementation for French PLWMD. The present pilot study alerts about the problem, and should stimulate larger studies validating such measures for wide use with French-speaking mental health professionals. French nurses presented higher levels of both treatment commitment and quality, and could be in a leadership position for such implementation. Encouraging the implementation of tobacco counseling within conventional mental health treatment is critical to improve cessation rates among this population. There is a potential for the sustainability of tobacco treatment interventions since the levels of commitment observed here were higher than in previous studies conducted abroad.

Introduction Despite the results of epidemiological and psychometric studies reporting comparable levels of tobacco dependence among males and females, some clinical studies have detected disparities. Some smoking cessation studies based on clinical setting programs reported poorer outcomes among women than men. Methods This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare treatment success and retention between men and women on a smoking cessation program (n = 1,014) delivered at a CAPS-AD unit in Brazil. The psychological intervention lasted 6 weeks for each group of 15 patients. Each patient had to participate in weekly group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) sessions and individual medical appointments during this period. These appointments were focused on the possibility of prescribing pharmacological treatment (i.e., nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or nortriptyline) as adjuvants to group therapy. Results The women had lower smoking severity at baseline, more clinical symptoms, and lower prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders and were older than the men. Females had significantly higher levels of success (36.6% vs. 29.7%) and retention (51.6% vs. 41.4%) than males. Sensitivity analysis showed that female gender was significantly associated with both retention and success, among those without drug use disorders only. Conclusion Depending on the smoking cessation setting (i.e., low and middle-income countries and mental health and addiction care units), females can achieve similar and even higher quit rates than males. Previous drug use disorder was an important confounding variable in the gender outcomes analyses. Future studies should try to replicate these positive smoking cessation effects of CBT-based group therapy plus pharmacotherapy in women.