Background Brazil is one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden countries of the world. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. This study aimed to describe the clinico‐evolutive, laboratory and therapeutic aspects of CTB cases among patients from a cohort with TB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods Cases of diagnosed CTB with microbiologic confirmation or clinical response to anti‐tuberculous treatment associated with positive smear or histopathological findings between the years 2000 and 2016 were selected. Results Seventy‐five patients with CTB were included, most were women (58.7%) with a median age of 42 years. CTB diagnosis was based on culture in only 42.7% of the cases. Scrofuloderma represented 50.7% of the cases, followed by erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) (18.7%), tuberculous gumma (13.3%), lupus vulgaris (8%), TB verrucosa cutis (4%), orificial TB (2.7%) and associated forms (2.7%). Other TB presentations were pulmonary (22.7%), mammary (6.6%) and osteoarticular (4%). All patients who completed the treatment (97.3%) had their lesions healed. Only two patients (2.6%) needed to change the therapy due to adverse reactions. Fifty percent of EIB patients presented recurrence. Conclusions These data highlight the diversity of CTB presentations and the importance of the skin to assist in early identification and treatment of TB. More studies are necessary to improve the knowledge on EIB for a better approach towards these patients, mainly in cases of recurrence.

Granulomatous mycosis fungoides is a rare subtype of T-cell cutaneous lymphoma. Due to its clinical heterogenicity the diagnosis is delayed and based on histopathological and immuno-histochemical findings, sometimes requiring gene rearrangement studies for confirmation. We report the case of a patient who was submitted to several biopsies before diagnostic conclusion.

Berardinelli-Seip syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by inadequate metabolism and inefficient storing of lipids in fat cells, generating accumulation of fat in organs such as the liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, arterial endothelium and skin. Classically, patients manifest generalized lipoatrophy at birth or until 2 years of age, and in adolescence usually develop marked insulin resistance with rapid progression to diabetes and dyslipidemia. We report the case of a 17-year-old Berardinelli-Seip syndrome patient with eruptive xanthoma associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia. It is worth noting Eruptive xanthoma as a dermatological manifestation that is not generally highlighted in the reports of cases of this genetic metabolic disorder.

BACKGROUNDCutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis (TB). Despite the increase in the number of cases of TB and HIV, few cases of CTB have been reported.OBJECTIVE To describe CTB cases among patients with HIV infection from a cohort with tuberculosis.METHODS We describe a series of 15 CTB and HIV cases, based on secondary data from 2000 to 2016. Diagnosis was based on isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture or clinical response to anti-tuberculous treatment associated with positive smear or histopathologic findings from affected skin or an adjacent lymph node.FINDINGS Scrofuloderma was present in 12 (80%) patients and solitary gumma in three (20%) patients. One case of scrofuloderma was associated with papulonecrotic tuberculid. Seven (46.6%) patients had pulmonary TB. Diagnosis was based on culture in nine patients (60%). The median CD4 cell count was 262 cells/µL. All patients were cured at the end of treatment (median time 6 months). Three patients presented with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.CONCLUSIONS In this study, CTB associated with HIV infection presented as localised forms or in association with pulmonary TB. In patients with HIV who have subacute and chronic skin lesions, CTB should be considered in differential diagnosis, which may represent a good opportunity for early diagnosis of active TB.

Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans is a rare form of cutaneous mastocytosis, characterized by the presence of erythematous or yellowish-brown macules with telangiectasias, preferably located on the trunk and upper limbs. We have described a case of telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans focusing on the dermoscopic characteristics of this disease.

Dermato myofibroma is included in the group of benign cutaneous mesenchymal neoplastic lesions of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lineage. It's a rare disease and there are approximately only one hundred cases described worldwide in the medical literature up to now. The present study reports the case of a young woman with typical clinical cutaneous lesion and histopathological diagnosis of dermato myofibroma. Special stains were carried out which showed preserved collagen fibers and immunohistochemistry was positive for vimentin and negative for actin and S100. As it is a rare disease, the histopathological findings are of great importance but clinical suspicion is possible in typical cases such as this one.

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Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder of unknown etiology that most commonly affects the female genitalia. Cutaneous involvement with nonhaemorrhagic bullous is very unusual. We describe a case of bullous lichen sclerosus.