Myracrodruon urundeuva, a native species from the Brazilian Caatinga, is widely distributed across its endemic region, where it also plays an essential socioeconomic role. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental stress on the germination of M. urundeuva seeds harvested in different years (2010 to 2013). Seeds were germinated at constant temperatures between 10 to 40 °C, osmotic potentials from 0 to -0.8 MPa (in polyethylene glycol 6000 solutions), and from 0 to -0.5 MPa (in NaCl solutions). The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design, with three replicates of 50 seeds, in a factorial scheme (harvest year x stress intensity) for each environmental stress. Germination data were then analysed using thermal, hydro and halo time models, and future germination responses projected according to climate change scenarios. The germination thermal thresholds ranged from 7.4 to 53.3 oC. The germination base osmotic threshold (using polyethylene glycol) was -0.6 MPa and the base osmotic threshold in NaCl was -0.43MPa. Seeds from different harvest years showed distinct tolerance to environmental stresses. The thermal, hydro and halo-time models were efficient to describe the germinative response of seeds, and the climate models allowed to identify the germination responses of M. urundeuva in future climate. According to the models for future climate (RCP 8.5), the reduction of rainfall by 2100 will directly affect seed germination and seedling recruitment of M. urundeuva.
-Angico is a species found in several environments in Brazil, with several applications. It is used in the timber industry and mainly in folk medicine. In order to verify a variation in the biometric characteristics and the quality of seeds from different mother-plants in different harvesting years, the following variables were studied: moisture content, diameter, density, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry matter of seedlings, germination percentage and kinetics, in a completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement (lots x size). The obtained results showed that angico seeds from different lots showed different physiological quality, possibly due to the climate variations to which mother-plants were submitted in the different years. Seed size directly interferes with seedling growth under both controlled and greenhouse conditions, and it can be used as a vigor indicator for angico seeds.Index terms: physiological quality, biometrics, Fabaceae, angico.Tamanho e vigor de sementes de Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.)Brenan colhidas em área de Caatinga RESUMO -O angico é uma espécie encontrada em diversos ambientes no Brasil, e apresenta diversas aplicações, sendo utilizado pela indústria madeireira e principalmente na medicina popular. Buscando-se verificar a variação quanto a caracteres biométricos e qualidade de sementes provenientes de diferentes matrizes em diferentes anos de coleta, desenvolveram-se ensaios após o beneficiamento das sementes, em que foram avaliados: teor de água, diâmetro, densidade, condutividade elétrica, matéria fresca e seca de plântulas, porcentagem e cinética de germinação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 2x3 (lotes x tamanho). Os resultados obtidos demostraram que sementes de angico de diferentes lotes apresentam qualidade fisiológica distinta, possivelmente pelas variações do clima as quais as árvores matrizes foram submetidas nos diferentes anos de coleta. O tamanho das sementes interfere diretamente no crescimento de plântulas tanto em condições controladas, quanto em casa de vegetação, podendo ser utilizado como indicativo de vigor para sementes de angico.Termos para indexação: qualidade fisiológica, biometria, Fabaceae, angico.
Genetic parameters, heritability, and minimum number of genes for total seed protein content were estimated in tropical semiaridadapted cowpea [Vigna unguicuiata (L.) Walp.
As mudanças climáticas, especialmente o aumento da temperatura e da concentração de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera , afetarão o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de aumento da temperatura e da concentração de CO2 na emergência de plântulas de cebola das cultivares Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 e Serena .O experimento foi conduzido em câmaras de crescimento, com controle de umidade, luminosidade, temperatura e CO2, durante 12 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x4x2, com quatro cultivares de cebola, quatro temperaturas (25 ºC; 28 ºC; 31 ºC e 34 ºC) e duas concentrações de CO2 (380 e 770 ppm) e , com quatro repetições e 36 sementes por tratamento. Sementes de cebola das cultivares Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 e Serena foram semeadas em bandejas de polietileno com 36 células contendo substrato comercial e mantido nas diferentes concentrações de CO2 e temperatura. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, velocidade de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e comprimento da raiz principal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. As concentrações de CO2 e as diferentes temperaturas proporcionaram efeitos significativos entre as cultivares para a maioria das variáveis analisadas. O aumento de CO2 e temperatura influenciaram no processo de emergência de plântulas de cebola. Climate change, especially atmosphere temperature and concentration of greenhouse gases increase, will affect plant growth and development . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased temperature and CO2 concentration in emergence of seedlings of onion cultivars Alfa San Francisco, Franciscan IPA 10, Valley IPA 11 Gold and Serena. The experiment was conducted in growth chambers with humidity, light, temperature and CO2 control during 12 days. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x4x2 factorial scheme, with four onion cultivars , four temperatures (25 °C; 28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C and two concentrations of CO2 (380 to 770 ppm), with four replications and 36 seeds per treatment. Seeds of onion cultivars Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 and Serena were sown in plastic trays with 36 cells containing commercial substrate and placed in different CO2 concentrations and temperature. Emergence percentage, average time of emergence, emergence speed, emergence speed index, shoot length and root length was evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages compared by Scott Knott test at 5% probability. The CO2 concentrations and different temperatures produced different effects among cultivars for most of the variables. The increase of CO2 and temperature influence the emergence onion seedlings process. Key-words: climate change, impacts, agriculture
Artigo recebido em 10/09/2015 e aceito em 30/11/2015. RESUMOAs mudanças climáticas, especialmente o aumento da temperatura e da concentração de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera , afetarão o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de aumento da temperatura e da concentração de CO2 na emergência de plântulas de cebola das cultivares Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 e Serena. O experimento foi conduzido em câmaras de crescimento, com controle de umidade, luminosidade, temperatura e CO2, durante 12 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x4x2, com quatro cultivares de cebola, quatro temperaturas (25 ºC; 28 ºC; 31 ºC e 34 ºC) e duas concentrações de CO2 (380 e 770 ppm) e , com quatro repetições e 36 sementes por tratamento. Sementes de cebola das cultivares Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 e Serena foram semeadas em bandejas de polietileno com 36 células contendo substrato comercial e mantido nas diferentes concentrações de CO2 e temperatura. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, velocidade de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e comprimento da raiz principal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade. As concentrações de CO2 e as diferentes temperaturas proporcionaram efeitos significativos entre as cultivares para a maioria das variáveis analisadas. O aumento de CO2 e temperatura influenciaram no processo de emergência de plântulas de cebola. Palavras-chave: mudanças climáticas, impactos, agricultura ABSTRACT Climate change, especially atmosphere temperature and concentration of greenhouse gases increase, will affect plant growth and development . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased temperature and CO2 concentration in emergence of seedlings of onion cultivars Alfa San Francisco, Franciscan IPA 10, Valley IPA 11 Gold and Serena. The experiment was conducted in growth chambers with humidity, light, temperature and CO2 control during 12 days. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x4x2 factorial scheme, with four onion cultivars , four temperatures (25 °C; 28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C and two concentrations of CO2 (380 to 770 ppm), with four replications and 36 seeds per treatment. Seeds of onion cultivars Alfa São Francisco, Franciscana IPA 10, Vale Ouro IPA 11 and Serena were sown in plastic trays with 36 cells containing commercial substrate and placed in different CO2 concentrations and temperature. Emergence percentage, average time of emergence, emergence speed, emergence speed index, shoot length and root length was evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages compared by Scott Knott test at 5% probability. The CO2 concentrations and different temperatures produced different effects among cultivars for most of the variables. The increase of CO...
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