The objective of this study was to characterize the development of pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense) of the Brazilian cerrado. It takes 84 days (12 weeks) for pequi to develop with the onset of flowering in September and early fruit set in January. Pequi fruit showed a simple sigmoid growth curve, and its growth was characterized based on fresh mass and longitudinal and transverse diameters. The contents of titratable acidity, soluble solids, β-carotene, and vitamin C increased during fruit growth, reaching their maximum values at the 12th week (84 days) after anthesis. Pequi is a fruit with an extremely high respiratory activity; its respiratory rate decreased during its development. Pequi fruit has been classified as a non-climacteric fruit due to the decrease of both respiration and ethylene production rates during maturation and ripening.
RESUMONeste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de quatro diferentes temperaturas, 0°C, 5°C, 10°C e 22°C, na qualidade de pequis minimamente processados, durante 15 dias de armazenamento. Os pequis foram lavados, sanificados, seus pirênios extraídos, embalados e armazenados por 15 dias a 0°C e 5°C, 9 dias a 10°C e 3 dias a 22°C. A cada três dias, foram realizadas as análises: taxa respiratória, perda de massa, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável (ácido cítrico), pH, coloração (L* e b*) e concentração de O 2 e CO 2 , no interior das embalagens. A taxa respiratória e a perda de massa foram menores quanto menor a temperatura; a firmeza não sofreu variações significativas; os sólidos solúveis sofreram influência somente do tempo, com aumento em seus teores; a acidez titulável aumentou no decorrer do armazenamento, com conseqüente declínio no pH; o valor L* aumentou nos frutos a 0°C e diminuiu naqueles a 22°C; o valor b* decresceu durante o armazenamento e a concentração de gases, no interior das embalagens, teve pouca variação. Pelos resultados, constatou-se que as temperaturas de 0°C e 5°C foram as mais eficazes na manutenção da qualidade de pequis minimamente processados. Termos para indexação:Caryocar brasiliense Camb., refrigeração, respiração. ABSTRACTThe objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of four different temperatures, 0°C, 5°C, 10°C and 22°C, on the quality of fresh-cut pequi, during 15 days of storage. The pequi fruit were washed, sanitized, their kernels extracted, packaged and stored for 15 days at 0°C and 5°C, 9 days at 10°C and 3 days at 22°C. The analyses were carried out every three days: respiration rate, mass loss, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity (acid citric), pH, coloration (L*and b*value) and O 2 and CO 2 concentrations into the package. The lower temperature the lower respiration rate and mass loss; the firmness did not suffer significant variations; the soluble solids were influenced just by the time, increasing over the storage period; the titratable acidity increased and pH decreased during the storage; the L* value increased in the fruits at 0°C, decreased in those at 22°C; the b* value decreased during 15 days of storage and the gases concentration into the package presented little variation. In accord to obtained results, it is concluded that the temperatures 0°C and 5°C were the most effective in the maintenance of the quality of fresh-cut pequi fruits. Index terms:Caryocar brasiliense Camb.,refrigeration, respiration. INTRODUÇÃOO pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) é, com certeza, uma das plantas com maior valor econômico na região central do Brasil. Seu fruto é globoso, verde, composto pelo mesocarpo externo, que é coriáceo-carnoso; mesocarpo interno, amarelo-claro, carnoso, rico em óleo, vitaminas e proteínas, que envolve uma camada de espinhos endocárpicos, finos e rígidos, e amêndoa branca ou semente (BARRADAS, 1972), florescendo em setembro, com frutificação em janeiro, apresentando um ciclo vital de 84 dias (RODRIGUES, 2005).Contudo, o co...
RESUMOConduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência dos sanificantes hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) e de peróxido de hidrogênio (H 2 O 2 ) em diferentes concentrações sobre a vida de prateleira de pequi (Caryocar brasilense Cambess.) submetido a dois tipos de processamento mínimo: "caroço fatiado" e "caroço inteiro", e armazenados a 6 ± 1º C e 90 a 95% UR, durante 15 dias. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, disposto em um fatorial 2 x 6 x 5, ou seja, 2 tipos de processamento (caroços "fatiados" e "inteiros"), 6 tempos (0h, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 dias) e 5 tratamentos (controle, NaClO 50 ppm, NaClO 100 ppm, H 2 O 2 4% e H 2 O 2 6%), com 3 repetições. A cada três dias foram realizadas as análises: vitamina C, polifenoloxidase, peroxidase e cor (CIE L*a*b*). O pequi minimamente processado apresentou decréscimo nos teores de vitamina C ao longo do armazenamento. O caroço fatiado mostrou-se com maior atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase em relação ao inteiro. A interação significativa entre o corte, o sanificante e o tempo ocorreu para a variável peroxidase, tendo sido observado para o caroço fatiado tratado com os sanificantes H 2 O 2 4 e 6% maior atividade dessa enzima. Observou-se a redução do valor de L*, durante o armazenamento do pequi minimamente processado, independente do sanificante utilizado, ocasionado pelo escurecimento do produto. Termos para indexação:Caryocar brasiliense, qualidade, processamento mínimo, enzimas. ABSTRACTThe objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of the sanitizers sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) 50 and 100 ppm and 4% and 6%, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) on the shelf life of fresh cut peki fruit (Caryocar brasilense Cambess.) submitted to two sorts of processing: "sliced stone" and whole stone", stored at 6 ± 1º C and 90 to 95% of RH for 15 days. The analyses were performed every three days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design arranged by a 2 x 6 x 5 factorial, i.e. 2 sorts of processing ("sliced and whole stones"), 6 times (0h, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days) and 5 treatments (control, 50 ppm NaClO, 100 ppm NaClO, 4% H 2 O 2 and 6% H 2 O 2 ), with 3 replicates. Every three days, the following analyses were conducted: vitamin C, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase and color (CIE L*a*b*). The fresh cut peki fruit showed decreases in the contents of vitamin C during storage. The sliced stones showed itself with an increased activity of the enzyme polyphenoloxidase relative the whole one. The significant interaction cutting sanitizer and time was found for peroxidase, the sliced stones and the sanitizers 4% and 6% H 2 O 2 having promoted the highest activity of that enzyme. Reduced value L* during the storage of fresh cut peki fruit was observed, independent of the used sanitizer, suggesting browning of the product. Index terms:Caryocar brasiliense, quality, minimal processing, enzymes. (2005), produtos minimamente processados (ou "fresh cut", ou levemente processados, ou parcialmente processados) são definidos com...
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