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Actinomycotic osteomyelitis of the maxilla presenting with oroantral communication is very rare, herein we report the first case of this condition in association with myiasis. A 50-year-old man reported chronic sinusopathy and a non-healing maxillary lesion, with 30 years of evolution, presenting occasional nasal and intraoral purulent discharge, with foul smell, and recurrent episodes of larvae presence. Cone beam computed tomography showed a large hyperdense image inside the left maxillary sinus, with focal areas with soft tissue density, and extensive discontinuity of the maxillary sinus floor, confirming the oroantral fistula. The necrotic tissue curetted during surgery presented hard consistency, and dark greenish color, and was submitted for histopathological analysis. Microscopically, necrotic bone, masses of filamentous bacteria colonies, compatible with actinomycosis, and large rhomboidal structures surrounded by eosinophilic capsule -suggestive of larvae, were observed. The diagnosis of actinomycotic osteomyelitis with presence of structures compatible with larvae was established.

To evaluate bone loss, prosthodontics and biological complications, and implant survival rates of internal conical connections (ICC) compared with internal non-conical connection (INCC) implants. Methods: The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021237170). Meta-analysis was performed using standardized mean difference (SMD) for bone loss and risk ratio (RR) for implant survival and complication rates. Risk of bias analysis was evaluated using RoB 2.0, whereas the GRADE tool was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and ProQuest databases was performed independently by two reviewers for articles published up to March 2022. The search criteria had no language or publication date restrictions. Handsearching analysis was performed in the reference list of potential articles. Results: Twelve randomized clinical trials, including 678 patients and 1006 implants (ICC [n = 476]; INCC [n = 530]), were included. Meta-analysis revealed that ICC demonstrated a lower risk for marginal bone loss (SMD: −0.80 mm; p = 0.004) and prosthodontics complications (RR: 0.16; p = 0.01) than INCC. However, both internal connections demonstrated no significant difference in implant survival rates (RR: 0.54; p = 0.10) and biological complications (RR: 0.90; p = 0.82). The overall risk of bias revealed some concerns and a low risk of bias for most of the included studies. However, the certainty of evidence of outcomes was considered low to moderate. Conclusion: ICC may be considered a more favorable treatment option than INCC owing to greater preservation of peri-implant bone tissue and a lower probability of prosthodontics complications. However, well-conducted studies with long-term followup are warranted. K E Y W O R D Simplant-abutment, internal butt joint, internal hexagon, tapered, tri-channel Dental implants are considered to be one of many viable alternatives for treating complete and partial edentulism. 1,2 The demand for their use has been growing since their introduction to the global dental market and continues to expand. 3 Many factors can influence the longevity of rehabil-itation with dental implants, including the implant-abutment connection interface. [4][5][6] Current studies have described the superiority of internal over external connections, mainly in relation to maintenance and peri-implant bone tissue.