Pneumolabyrinth following temporal bone fracture is an extremely rare condition. It results from air entering the inner ear when a communication between the air-filled middle ear spaces and inner ear is established. The imaging modality of choice for pneumolabyrinth is high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. Treatment options include conservative management (bed rest, antibiotics, corticosteroids) or surgery (exploratory tympanotomy). We present the case of a 31-year-old female who had pneumolabyrinth secondary to a temporal bone fracture. The patient was treated surgically and made a full clinical recovery.

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Mucocele is an accumulation of secretion products, desquamation, and inflammation within a body cavity: Localization in the mastoid is extremely rare. Erosion of bony walls and invasion of surrounding structures expose a patient to intra‐ and extracranial complications. Proper imaging work‐up and complete removal through mastoidectomy is warranted.

Objectives: We sought to identify factors associated with anatomic and functional results of canal wall-down tympanoplasty. Methods: One hundred eighty-nine primary or relapsing cholesteatomas were consecutively operated on by a single surgeon. Cholesteatoma recurrence rates were evaluated. Predictive values of the patient, disease, and surgical characteristics on cholesteatoma recurrence were estimated. The effect of these variables on keratin pearl development, recurrent otorrhea or granulation tissue formation, and hearing function was tested. Results: The mean follow-up was 8 years (range, 4 to 15 years). The cholesteatoma relapse rate (±SE) estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 2.1% ± 1.1%. No variables were associated with relapsing disease. The log-rank test showed a significantly higher probability of keratin pearls in male patients (16.7% versus 2.1%; P =0.00 I), young patients (less than 16 years; 51.4% versus 6.2%; p =0.0001), patients with unencapsulated cholesteatomas (19.5% versus 5.3%; p =0.06), patients with petrous or accessory cellularity invasion (17.9% versus 7.1%; p =0.02), and patients with overlay myringoplasty (25% versus 7.9%; p =0.03). Recurrent otorrhea and granulation tissue were associated with homograft temporal is fascia myringoplasty (14.3% versus 3.8%; p =0.04). The overall postoperative air-bone gap was within 20 dB in 30.7%; it was within 20 dB in 43.9% (47/107) for intact or reconstructed ossicular chains and in 13.4% (11/82) for nonreconstructed, eroded ossicular chains (p =0.0001). The air-bone gap was within 20 dB in 42.6% (46/108) when the mucosa of the tympanic cavity was normal and in 14.8% (12/81) when there was granulation tissue within the tympanic cavity (p =0.0001). Conclusions: Single-stage canal wall-down tympanoplasty is an appropriate treatment for acquired tympanomastoid cholesteatoma.

The formation of a pseudoaneurysm in a revascularized free flap is an extremely rare complication in microsurgery. The most effective treatment modality is still the subject of debate.We present the management of a case of pseudoaneurysm of the arterial pedicle of a radial free flap used after hemiglossopelvectomy in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.In our case, a 74-year-old man with the pseudoaneurism was successfully treated by endovascular stenting. Endovascular stenting can be considered an effective and safe procedure and a relevant alternative to open neck surgical treatment.