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This study examined the relations between client attachment to the therapist and therapist perceptions of transference, as well as between client attachment and recollections of parental caregiving. Participants were 51 client-therapist pairs in ongoing therapy. After a therapy session, clients completed a measure of their attachment to their therapists and a measure of their perceptions of parental caregiving during childhood. Therapists rated levels of positive and negative, and amount of, client transference. Both secure and preoccupied-merger attachment were positively related to both negative transference and amount of transference. Level of avoidant-fearful attachment was not correlated with any type of transference. Insecure attachment to the therapist was associated with more negative recollections of parental caregiving.

Multicultural competence is a burgeoning area of research in counseling psychology. However, there has been little focus on understanding multicultural competence from the perspective of clients. This study used qualitative interviews and grounded theory to develop a model of clients’ perspectives of multicultural counseling. The resulting model suggested that clients’ experiences of multicultural counseling were contingent on their self-identified needs and on how well they felt the counselor met these needs. Moreover, clients appeared to actively manage and moderate the extent to which culture was broached in counseling based on a host of conditions including counseling relationship, salience of identity, counselor behavior, and expectations of counseling, to name a few. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

The authors present the results of a content analysis of articles that were published in the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (JMCD) during the last 15 years. The analysis identified the leading contributors (i.e., authors, institutions) to JMCD, evaluated the content of the articles, examined the type of articles, and highlighted the particular cultural groups that were studied most frequently.Los autores presentan 10s resultados de un analisis de el contenido de la Revista de Consejeria y Desarrollo Multicultural (JMCD), durante 10s ultimos 15 afios. El analisis identifico 10s contribuyentes mas destacados (en otras palabras, 10s autores, las instituciones) a JMCD;examino el tip0 del articulos y subrayo 10s grupos culturales que se estudiaron mas frecuentemente.uring the last two decades, there has been an increase in the empirical and theoretical attention to understanding and counseling culturally I> diverse populations. Multiculturalism is now addressed in a variety of American Counseling Association and American Psychological Association journals and is changing the face of counseling, psychology, and education. Multicultural topics and research are now included in a variety of journals. However, few are devoted exclusively to multicultural counseling issues. For example, Ponterotto (1988) Hagar Hall, Notre Dame, Constantine, and Gerard (2000) reported that 12% of the articles were focused on racial and ethnic minority variables, showing that there has been an increase in the number of articles published on multicultural issues.Although more attention has been given to multicultural concerns in various journals, the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (IMCD) is one of the few journals to focus exclusively on counseling, psychology, guidance, and personnel topics related to diverse populations (Ponterotto, 1986). JMCD and its contributors provide innovation, growth, and needed direction to the multicultural field in general. Because continued growth in this area of inquiry is desired, authors have argued that it is important that the content and contributors of JMCD be periodically identified (Bennett, Rowe, & Hill, 1991;Ponterotto, 1986). A content analysis of the JMCD can give counselors information on important areas of concentration in the field of multiculturalism and can identify and expand new areas in the field. In addition, the identification of leading contributors can reveal who is potentially pivotal in fostering cultural awareness among counselors and educators.For example, Ponterotto (1986) authored the first comprehensive content analysis ofJMCD. He covered a 5-year period from 1979 to 1984 (Vols. 8 through 12) and provided important information, such as the major contributors to the field of multicultural counseling, the institutions from which new information routinely emerged, and the topics and populations studied most frequently. Ponterotto's methodology was replicated in a later content analysis that covered a 5-year period (1985-1989Bennett et al...

Forty-two volunteer clients with below-average dream recall and attitudes toward dreams participated in training sessions focusing on either improving dream recall and attitudes toward dreams, building dream interpretation skills, or educating about counseling. After training, individual dream interpretation sessions were conducted. No significant differences were found among the 3 conditions in regard to dream recall, attitudes toward dreams, or client-or therapist-reported session outcome, but effect sizes suggested that participants in the skills condition gained more from sessions than did participants in the dream recall-attitudes condition. Session outcome for all volunteer clients was equivalent to those in previous studies of volunteer clients with no training, suggesting that training was not necessary and that these participants were able to benefit from single-session dream interpretation.Although dreams have long fascinated people, only recently have researchers begun to empirically investigate dream interpretation. Studies have suggested that dream interpretation sessions are viewed as valuable and as leading to self-understanding and insight (

Purpose To date, there has been insufficient focus on age and sex differences in studies of violence amongst adolescents and young adults in low- and middle-income countries. As adolescence is a formative period during which experiencing violence can have both short- and long-term consequences, we aim to investigate experiences of violence by age and sex across five countries. Methods Incidences of past-year violence victimization were estimated by sex across two-year age bands (13–24 years) using Violence Against Children Survey datasets from Cambodia, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania. Analyses were conducted separately for each country. The presence of an association with age and each type of violence was identified using logistic regressions separately by sex. Sex was then added to the models as an interaction term and adjusted Wald tests were used to assess differences between males and females in age effects. Results Risk of physical violence by both an adult caregiver and a community member decreased with age for both sexes in all countries. In contrast, risk of IPV increased with age for both sexes in all countries. Although some countries displayed a steeper increase in risk of IPV and sexual violence with age for males, females face higher overall levels of risk for these forms of violence. Conclusion Findings highlight how adolescents’ and young adults’ risk of violence changes with age and type of violence. The analysis underscores the importance of collecting violence data disaggregated by age and sex to best inform policies and programming. Implications and contributions We analyzed five Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS) and found age effects for physical, sexual, and intimate partner violence for adolescents 13–24 years old. Age effects for sexual violence are stronger among females than males. Future policies targeting adolescents should consider how age and gender influence risk of violence.

The purpose of this study was to articulate a model of how Latinas cope with childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and the ways in which personal and cultural variables influence their coping strategies. Nine women who identified as Latina and as survivors of CSA participated in an in‐depth interview. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory methodology. Results suggested that participants' coping efforts were influenced by a variety of cultural factors and that they engaged in a wide range of coping behaviors, all of which served two main functions: (1) seeking relief from negative emotions and (2) protecting one's self from further abuse.

Background Evidence linking violence against women and HIV has grown, including on the cycle of violence and the links between violence against children and women. To create an effective response to the HIV epidemic, it is key to prevent sexual violence against children and intimate partner violence (IPV) against adolescent girls. Methods Authors analyzed data from national household surveys on violence against children undertaken by governments in Swaziland, Tanzania, Kenya, and Zimbabwe, with support of the Together for Girls initiative, as well as an analysis of evidence on effective programmes. Results Data show that sexual and physical violence in childhood are linked to negative health outcomes, including increased sexual risk taking (eg, inconsistent condom use and increased number of sexual partners), and that girls begin experiencing IPV (emotional, physical, and sexual) during adolescence. Evidence on effective programmes addressing childhood sexual violence is growing. Key interventions focus on increasing knowledge among children and caregivers by addressing attitudes and practices around violence, including dating relationships. Programmes also seek to build awareness of services available for children who experience violence. Discussion Findings include incorporating attention to children into HIV and violence programmes directed to adults; increased coordination and leveraging of resources between these programmes; test transferability of programmes in low- and middle-income countries; and invest in data collection and robust evaluations of interventions to prevent sexual violence and IPV among children. Conclusions This article contributes to a growing body of evidence on the prevention of sexual violence and HIV in children.