Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of bovine embryos in vitro when supplemented with l-carnitine for 24 h beginning on day 5 (d 5) under two different oxygen tensions (20% or 5%) and the relationship of nitric oxide (NO) in in vitro culture (IVC) medium to embryo development. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC; n = 837) were matured in vitro for 24 h and fertilization was performed for 18 h. Zygotes were cultured in vitro for 9 days after in vitro fertilization in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium with 5% fetal calf serum. At d 5 the plates were assigned to one of four treatment groups: high (20%) or low (5%) O2 tension either with or without the addition of 3.03 mM l-carnitine (High-Cont, High-Lcar, Low-Cont, Low-Lcar). The concentration of NO in the culture medium was evaluated on d 5, d 6 and d 9. On d 7, parts of the embryos were submitted for evaluation of intracellular lipid droplets. The cleavage rate was similar (P > 0.05) between high and low O2 tension and the blastocyst rate was similar in all conditions evaluated. The hatching rate was higher (P < 0.05) for Low-Cont. The NO concentration was higher at d 9 under low O2 tension (P < 0.1). The addition of 3.03 mM l-carnitine between d 5 and d 6 of IVC was not efficient in reducing cytoplasmic lipid content of bovine embryos. Additionally, IVC at a low oxygen tension without l-carnitine promoted better conditions for embryo development. A higher concentration of NO in medium was observed under low O2 tension.
Objetivo: Analisar o discurso das mulheres assistidas por um profissional Doula num cenário obstétrico hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, tipo pesquisa-ação, realizado com 10 mulheres assistidas por um profissional do gênero masculino com formação em doula, em um serviço materno-infantil do estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados empíricos foram produzidos entre setembro e novembro de 2016, por meio de um formulário de entrevista semiestruturado, com gravação e transcrição das falas, com análise de discurso. Resultados: As mulheres demonstram sentimentos de gratidão e segurança ao serem assistidas por um doulo durante a sua permanência na maternidade. Conclusão: As mulheres sentiram-se encorajadas, à vontade e seguras. O fato de o profissional ser do gênero masculino não impossibilitou que a assistência de Enfermagem fosse satisfatória.
Linseed is distinguished by its composition of fatty acids, which are rich in unsaturated acids, and by the slow release of oil in the rumen, consequently providing a greater amount of lipids of interest for intestinal absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of linseed supplementation on the antral follicle count (AFC) and oocyte quality of Girolando cows, as well as their digestive parameters and plasma metabolite. Twelve Girolando cows were used in the study and were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: control (CTL, n = 6) and linseed (LINS, n = 6). During the 126 days of supplementation, seven transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovum pick-up (OPU) sessions were performed at intervals of 21 days. AFC was performed in each OPU session. The cows fed with linseed showed no significant difference in the dry matter coefficient of digestibility (63.11 and 62.88), crude protein (62.7 and 55.26), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 75.36 and 77.15), or acid detergent fiber (ADF; 72.45 and 74.77) for LINS and CTL, respectively. On the contrary, a higher level of ethereal extract was observed for LINS (69.31 vs. 40.7). There was no effect (p > 0.05) of lipid supplementation on plasma metabolite between groups and OPU sessions. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the mean number of antral follicles (CTL: 31.14 ± 1.97; LINS: 25.52 ± 2.68), cumulus oocyte complexes recovered (CTL: 6.45 ± 1.66; LINS: 5.28 ± 1.18), or oocyte quality (CTL: 60.48% ± 8.46; LINS: 64.54% ± 7.77). The supplementation of 800g of linseed in the diet of Girolando cows did not alter the apparent digestibility of nutrients, AFC, or quality of oocytes obtained by OPU.
The timing of initiation of superstimulatory treatments relative to follicle wave emergence has been shown to affect ovulatory response and invivo embryo production. The significant increase of invitro embryo production (IVP) and the possibility of using pregnant animals as oocyte donors has created the need to optimise superstimulatory treatments for IVP in pregnant cattle. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of synchronisation of follicle wave emergence before superstimulation for ovum pickup (OPU) and IVP in pregnant heifers. Pregnant (47-62 days of gestation) Holstein heifers (n=28) 19.5±0.3 months of age were assigned in a completely randomised design to one of two groups: synchronisation of follicular wave emergence by dominant follicle removal (DFR; all follicles >6mm) or untreated control (no DFR). Superstimulatory treatments were initiated 36h after DFR or at random stages of the follicular wave in the no-DFR group and consisted of the administration of 160mg of purified FSH (Folltropin-V, Vetoquinol) over four injections 12h apart as follows: 48.0, 42.7, 37.3, and 32.0mg. Ovum pickup was performed in all heifers 40h after the last purified FSH injection. Heifers were subjected to OPU for oocyte recovery, and the number of follicles was determined. Recovered oocytes were processed in groups by treatment, and IVP was performed. Differences between treatment groups were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models. Results are presented in Table 1 and are expressed as means±s.e.m. for data collected at the time of OPU or as proportions for embryo production results. The number of small follicles (<6mm) at the time of OPU was greater in the no-DFR group than in the DFR group (P=0.04). Conversely, there were no differences between treatments in the number of medium follicles (6-10 mm; P=0.17), large follicles (>10 mm; P=0.11), total follicles (P=0.93), total number of recovered oocytes (P=0.4), or number of viable oocytes (P=0.53). The mean oocyte percentage recovery rate was not different between heifers in the DFR (53.6±4.7%) and no-DFR (56.5±4.7%) groups (P=0.52). Both cleavage and blastocyst rate were greater (P<0.008) in the DFR group than in the no-DFR group; as a result, the number of transferable embryos per animal was 5.6 in the DFR group and 2.8 in the no-DFR group. In summary, initiation of superstimulatory treatments at the time of follicle wave emergence improves cleavage and blastocyst rates, thus leading to greater embryo production. Table 1.Ovarian response and embryo production in pregnant heifers superstimulated with or without synchronisation of follicle wave emergence Variable DFR No DFR Small follicles, n 8.1±1.2A 12.1±1.8B Medium follicles, n 18.3±1.3 13.7±2.0 Large follicles, n 2.4±0.6 1.4±0.4 Total follicles, n 28.8±1.4 27.2±2.2 Total oocytes, n 15.4±1.5 16.0±1.9 Viable oocytes, n 13.7±1.5 13.4±1.8 Cleavage rate,% (n) 77.1 (192)A 64.4 (188)B Blastocyst rate,% (n) 40.6 (192)A 20.7 (188)B A,BMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (P<0.05).
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