Ropinirole 24-hour was effective and well tolerated as adjunct therapy in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) not optimally controlled with levodopa. Ropinirole 24-hour demonstrated an improvement in both motor and non-motor PD symptoms, while permitting a reduction in adjunctive levodopa dose.

There is currently great interest in the international metrological community for new accurate determinations of the Boltzmann constant k B , with the prospect of a new definition of the unit of thermodynamic temperature, the kelvin. In fact, k B relates the unit of energy (the joule) to the unit of the thermodynamic temperature (the kelvin). One of the most accurate ways to access the value of the Boltzmann constant is from measurements of the velocity of the sound in a noble gas. In the method described here, the experimental determination has been performed in a closed quasi-spherical cavity. To improve the accuracy, all the parameters in the experiment (purity of the gas, static pressure, temperature, exact shape of the cavity monitored by EM microwaves, etc.) have to be carefully controlled. Correction terms have been computed using carefully validated theoretical models, and applied to the acoustic and microwave signals. We report on two sets of isothermal acoustic measurements yielding the value k B = 1.380 647 74(171) × 10 −23 J · K −1 with a relative standard uncertainty of 1.24 parts in 10 6 . This value lies 1.9 parts in 10 6 below the 2006 CODATA value (Mohr et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 633 (2008)), but, according to the uncertainties, remains consistent with it.

Mutations in the parkin gene occur among individuals with PD with an older age at onset (> or =60 years) who have a positive family history of the disease. In addition, the clinical findings of parkin-positive individuals are remarkably similar to those without mutations.

Istradefylline was generally well tolerated and reduced "off" time as assessed by home diaries. Severity of dyskinesia was unchanged, but "on" time with dyskinesia increased.

des modifications et des améliorations apportées par le présent dispositif, les premiers éléments de caractérisation obtenus, et les bénéfices attendus en termes d'incertitude, font l'objet du présent article.