Our results demonstrated that there are characteristic differences in the barrier property between normal and cosmetic dry skin. In comparison to the normal skin, the stratum corneum of the cosmetic dry skin is considerably thicker, however, with a lower barrier quality. The results also showed that the amount of the SC removal in sequential tape-stripping is generally non-uniform. Therefore, the number of tape strips is not a good indicator for the tape-stripping depth.
This paper reports the model validation process for a passenger and a freight statewide model developed for the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. These policy-sensitive planning models are used to understand and quantify passenger and freight flows in Wisconsin and to support system-planning analyses at a statewide level. Examples of policies being tested include the impact of different land use scenarios and transportation projects on highway traffic, the diversion of traffic along key corridors, and the ridership potential of enhanced intercity bus service. The passenger model was estimated by using the Wisconsin add-on for the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), and the freight model was estimated by using Transearch commodity flow data. Model validation relied on the NHTS data, statewide automobile and truck traffic counts, intercity transit ridership estimates, and 2000 U.S. Census data including the Census Transportation Planning Package, FHWA's validation manual, and NCHRP Report 365. The Wisconsin statewide models are presented as case studies to highlight the data sources, model estimation and validation methodologies, and results obtained at a statewide level. The passenger and freight validation results support the robustness of the models at a statewide and a corridor level. The methodology and standards discussed for the Wisconsin statewide models provide another data point to help establish guidelines for statewide model validation.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Due to increasing life expectancy and the introduction of more sensitive diagnostic screening techniques, prostate cancer is being diagnosed more frequently, with rapidly increasing incidence and prevalence. It has a wide spectrum of biological behaviour, ranging from indolent low-risk disease to highly aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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