Induced hypocrisy is a sequential, two-step, cognitive dissonance procedure that prompts individuals to adopt a proattitudinal behavior. The present meta-analysis of 29 published and nine unpublished induced-hypocrisy studies enabled us to test three key dissonance-related issues. First, is hypocrisy effective in promoting change in behavioral intention and behavior? Our analyses supported the idea that hypocrisy (vs. control) increased both behavioral intention and behavior. Second, does hypocrisy generate psychological discomfort? Results pertaining to this issue were inconclusive due to the small number of studies measuring psychological discomfort. Third, are both steps necessary to generate change? Effect sizes conform to the idea that the transgressions-only condition can increase both behavior and intention. Our meta-analysis raises a number of theoretical issues concerning the psychological processes underlying induced hypocrisy and highlights implications for practitioners.
This article examines the relationship between perceived organizational support, proactive personality, and perceived employability in a sample of workers over 50. An online questionnaire assessing these variables were filled by 213 employees. Results confirmed that individual dispositions have a significant impact on perceived employability but also indicated that organizational context may have a greater impact on employability. The implications of the findings are discussed, and suggestions are offered for future research on employability.
Résumé Dans le paradigme de l’hypocrisie induite, les sujets tiennent un discours socialement souhaitable. Ensuite, ils évoquent des transgressions personnelles de ce discours. Les effets classiquement observés dans ce paradigme peuvent être dus à la dissonance cognitive résultant de l’inconsistance entre une norme prescriptive et un comportement. Dans une première expérimentation, nous avons répliqué les effets classiques de ce paradigme. Dans une seconde expérimentation, nous avons simplement rappelé aux sujets la norme prescriptive et leurs transgressions personnelles. Conformément à nos attentes, dans les deux études, les sujets de la condition « Hypocrisie » rapportent une vulnérabilité et une intention de se protéger plus fortes que celles des autres sujets. Les effets du paradigme d’hypocrisie peuvent être dus à l’inconsistance comportement/norme prescriptive.
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