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A regional stratigraphic framework for the Neogene succession along and across the NW European margin is presented, based on a regional seismic and sample database. The stratigraphy provides constraints on the timing and nature of the mid-to late Cenozoic differential tectonic movements that have driven major changes in sediment supply, oceanographic circulation and climate (culminating in continental glaciation). The overall context for Neogene deposition on the margin was established in the mid-Cenozoic, when rapid, km-scale differential subsidence (sagging) created the present-day deep-water basins. The Neogene is subdivided into lower (Miocenelower Pliocene) and upper (lower Pliocene-Holocene) intervals. The lower Neogene contains evidence of early to mid-Miocene compressive tectonism, including inversion anticlines and multiple unconformities that record uplift and erosion of basin margins, as well as changes in deep-water currents. These movements culminated in a major expansion of contourite drifts in the mid-Miocene, argued to reflect enhanced deep-water exchange across the Wyville-Thomson Ridge Complex, via the Faroe Conduit. The distribution and amplitude of the intra-Miocene movements are consistent with deformation and basin margin flexure in response to enhanced intra-plate compressive stresses during a local plate reorganisation (transfer of the Jan Mayen Ridge from Greenland to Europe). The upper Neogene records a seaward tilting (<1°) of the margin from the early Pliocene, in which kmscale uplift and erosion was accompanied by increased offshore subsidence, resulting in a major seaward progradation of the shelf-slope wedge as well as deep-marine erosion during a reorganisation of bottom current patterns. The large amplitude of tilting cannot be accounted for by intra-plate stress variations, but is consistent with a dynamic topographic response to upper mantle convection, in particular edge-driven flow beneath the continental margin. Sedimentary and oceanographic changes resulting from dynamic topographic responses to the evolution of upper mantle convective flow during ocean widening may be characteristic of the development of 'passive' continental margins.

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The regional Quaternary seismo-stratigraphy of NW Gulf of St. Lawrence, based on 5700 line km of high resolution seismic reflection profiles, is described. The Quaternary sequence can be locally missing or can exceed 1.3 km in thickness. Five major stratigraphic units are recognized, which vary in their character and distribution so that at any location a variety of bedrock types may be overlain by a distinctive Quaternary sequence. These units relate to the advance and retreat of the Late Wisconsinan Ice Sheet. We interpret these units as: Unit 1, recording the presence of grounded glacial ice, including ice-loaded and ice-deposited sediments. Unit 2, ice-proximal coarse-grained sediment deposited either as a thin, conformable layer during the rapid retreat of an ice terminus, or as a wedge-shaped fan marking the position of an ice front still stand. Unit 3, ice-distal fine-grained sediment deposited from meltwater plumes at times of elevated sea levels and rapidly ablating sea ice. Unit 4, paraglacial deltaic sediment marking the melting of terrestrially-based ice caps, and the concommittant growth of deltas, rapidly prograding into a seaway undergoing rapidly falling sea levels. Unit 5, postglacial sediment reflecting the winnowing of shallow areas and deposition of organic-rich mud in deep basins, under modern sea level and océanographie conditions. A conceptual model dealing with the deposition of sediment associated with the withdrawal of a continental ice sheet is developed. The model includes the dynamics associated with the initial ice advance, terminal ice dynamics, retreat of the ice terminus, stable ice-fronts during the recessional phase, ice sheets ablating on land, and postglacial sedimentation under conditions of fluctuating sea levels.Le présent article se fonde sur des profils effectués par sismique reflection sur 5700 kilomètres dans le nord-ouest du golfe du Saint-Laurent. La séquence quaternaire, parfois absente, peut ailleurs avoir plus de 1,3 kilomètre d'épaisseur. On a relevé cinq grandes unités stratigraphiques dont la nature et la répartition varient. Liées à l'évolution de l'inlandsis du Wisconsinien supérieur, elles se présentent comme suit: unité 1 : sédiments de contact renfermant des sédiments comprimés par le glacier et d'autres déposés par lui; unité 2: sédiments proximaux grossiers, déposés soit en une couche mince et concordante durant le retrait rapide d'un front, soit sous forme de cône marquant la position d'un front stable; unité 3: sédiments distaux fins, déposés par des langues d'eau de fusion dans une mer à niveaux élevés et dont la glace fondait rapidement; unité 4: sédiments deltaïques paraglaciaires révélant la fusion de glaces continentales et la formation rapide et concomitante de deltas dans une mer accusant de fortes baisses de niveau : unité 5: sédiments postglaciaires révélant le triage de zones peu profondes et le dépôt, en profondeur, de boues riches en matières organiques, dans des conditions rappelant celles d'aujourd'hui. Un modèle, exposant les étapes de sé...