Patients with DPP-4 inhibitor-induced BP may present either an inflammatory or a noninflammatory phenotype of BP. IgG response against other BP180 regions different from the NC16A domain, such as LAD-1 and the C-terminal domain, could be pathogenically relevant to the onset of DPP-4 inhibitor-induced BP.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or epidermoid cancer is a frequent and aggressive malignancy. However in apparent paradox it retains the squamous differentiation phenotype except for very dysplastic lesions. We have shown that cell cycle stress in normal epidermal keratinocytes triggers a squamous differentiation response involving irreversible mitosis block and polyploidisation. Here we show that cutaneous SCC cells conserve a partial squamous DNA damage-induced differentiation response that allows them to overcome the cell division block. The capacity to divide in spite of drug-induced mitotic stress and DNA damage made well-differentiated SCC cells more genomically instable and more malignant in vivo. Consistently, in a series of human biopsies, non-metastatic SCCs displayed a higher degree of chromosomal alterations and higher expression of the S phase regulator Cyclin E and the DNA damage signal γH2AX than the less aggressive, non-squamous, basal cell carcinomas. However, metastatic SCCs lost the γH2AX signal and Cyclin E, or accumulated cytoplasmic Cyclin E. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous Cyclin E in well-differentiated SCC cells interfered with the squamous phenotype. The results suggest a dual role of cell cycle stress-induced differentiation in squamous cancer: the resulting mitotic blocks would impose, when irreversible, a proliferative barrier, when reversible, a source of genomic instability, thus contributing to malignancy.

We present a valid model to assess the efficacy and speed of action of TC treatment to alleviate pruritus and the signs of eczema. The fast effect of MPA against pruritus supports the appropriateness of treating allergic contact eczema with TC.

Venous insufficiency is a frequent cause of consultation in primary care settings. Heterotopic ossification, consisting of an abnormal formation of true bone in extraskeletal soft tissues, is an underrecognized complication of chronic venous insufficiency that may cause torpid ulcers. We report a case of 78-year-old woman, with a long-standing history of venous insufficiency and tibial fracture, showing a non-healing ulcer associated with subcutaneous calcifications of the left lower extremity. Gold standard of imaging diagnosis are both plain radiographs and computed tomography but also magnetic resonance imaging could be useful for assessing the characteristics of the pathology. We describe a case of Heinz-Lippmann disease, diagnosed by using both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.