Resumo O estudo analisa e compara a cobertura de ciência e tecnologia do principal telejornal do Brasil (Jornal Nacional) e o da Colômbia (Noticias Caracol), utilizando análise de conteúdo aplicada a um corpus de matérias representativas de um ano de transmissão – abril 2009 a março 2010. Observou-se que o informativo brasileiro apresentou mais que o dobro de matérias sobre ciência e tecnologia que o colombiano, com cobertura mais estável ao longo do ano e notas mais longas, mais recursos visuais e maior destaque. Porém, foram encontradas similaridades nos dois telejornais: notícias sobre medicina e saúde foram as mais frequentes; o principal enfoque das notas foi o anúncio de nova investigação; cientistas foram as principais fontes citadas; e pesquisas nacionais foram priorizadas.
El artículo presenta reflexiones en torno a la Comunicación CTS (Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad), resultado de la implementación de la Estrategia Nacional de ASCTI (Apropiación Social de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación), en Colombia en 2010. Señala la prevalencia de actividades centradas en modelos deficitarios de comunicación de la ciencia e indica sus posibles efectos. Problematiza la relación entre el campo de la comunicación y los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la necesidad de tejer puentes entre ellos, integrando a comunidades, mediadores e investigadores. Despliega algunos de los desafíos que los ejecutores de la estrategia han identificado para generar una comunicación más pertinente con las comunidades.
The social cohesion is a transversal issue for a great part of the fields of communication studies and of science public communication in Colombia and Latin America. However, the relationship between mass media, disasters and society has been little studied in this national and regional context. It has been even less studied considering crossing approximations of these fields. This paper presents the need to work with objects of study of this nature and they are treated from thematic and methodological points of view, including some possible contributions from science education field. This has the objective to show how an approach to media logics, public logics and knowledge communication presented there, can be useful in preventing disasters.
In this paper we analyze a corpus of science and technology news broadcasted by Noticias Caracol -the TV news program with the highest level of audiences in Colombia. This article serves for the dual purpose of verifying whether the demand of Colombians for this type of information is minimally supplied and to account for the main features of the coverage of science and technology in this TV news. The results show that these issues had relatively low importance on the agenda of this newscast and government members play an important role, not only as sources but as voices in the construction of news stories. We also found that this TV news program is not necessarily democratic in choosing its sources, its voices and its references, and did not give strong elements of context for this kind of information.
Colombia is in a privileged position to take advantage of international climate agreements to finance sustainable development initiatives. The country is a signatory of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreements. As a non-Annex I party to the UNFCCC, Colombia produces low emissions in relation to global numbers (0.46% of total global emissions for 2010) and exhibits biogeographical conditions that are ideal for mitigation of climate change through greenhouse gas sequestration and emission reductions. Simultaneously, recent extreme climatic events have harshly compromised the country’s economy, making Colombia’s vulnerability to climate change evident.While these conditions should justify a strong approach to climate change communication that motivates decision making and leads to mitigation and adaptation, the majority of sectors still fall short of effectively communicating their climate change messages. Official information about climate change is often too technical and rarely includes a call for action. However, a few exceptions exist, including environmental education materials for children and a noteworthy recent strategy to deliver the Third Communication to the UNFCCC in a form that is more palatable to the general public. Despite strong research on climate change, particularly related to agricultural, environmental, and earth sciences, academic products are rarely communicated in a way that is easily understood by decision makers and has a clear impact on public policy. Messages from the mass media frequently confuse rather than inform the public. For instance, television news refers to weather-related disasters, climate variability, and climate change indiscriminately. This shapes an erroneous idea of climate change among the public and weakens the effectiveness of communications on the issue.The authors contrast the practices of these sectors with those of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in Colombia to show how they address the specific climate communication needs facing the country. These NGOs directly face the challenge of working with diverse population groups in this multicultural, multiethnic, and megadiverse country. NGOs customize languages, channels, and messages for different audiences and contexts, with the ultimate goal of building capacity in local communities, influencing policymakers, and sensitizing the private sector. Strategies that result from the work of interdisciplinary groups, involve feedback from the audiences, and incorporate adaptive management have proven to be particularly effective.
Este artículo hace un acercamiento crítico tanto i) a la constitución de un objeto de estudio sobre las relaciones entre desastres, medios de comunicación, saberes, poder y sociedad, como ii) a perspectivas para el análisis del mismo. Para esto se recurre a un fragmento de la obra de Michel Foucault (y a trabajos sobre este autor), en especial a textos publicados al final de su vida, que retoman la pregunta de Immanuel Kant, formulada doscientos años antes, sobre qué es la Ilustración. Esto lleva a un ejercicio reflexivo que contribuye a desnaturalizar aspectos propios de dicho objeto de estudio y de dichas perspectivas. En primer lugar, se hace un acercamiento al campo de los estudios de la comunicación y su rol en las relaciones entre medios, saber y poder, sobre todo en situaciones de desastre. En segundo lugar, se hace énfasis en el (sub)campo de la comunicación pública de la ciencia y la tecnología, y su papel en las relaciones entre desastres, saberes, poder y sociedad. En suma, se trata de ver qué pueden aportar tales ideas de Foucault a estos enfoques; y, en lo posible, dialogar con ellas.
En este trabajo se aborda la comunicación pública de la ciencia y la tecnología como sub-campo y, a la vez, como complemento del campo de la comunicación social. Con este fin se examina su diálogo con los estudios sociales del conocimiento en aras de una formación crítica en dicho campo (y sub-campo), y en otras áreas del conocimiento. Se hace énfasis en el periodismo científico, en sus posibilidades y necesidades como práctica y como objeto de investigación en Colombia y América Latina, y en las puertas que abre para el diálogo entre el campo de los estudios de la comunicación y el de los estudios sociales del conocimiento.
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