Noise pollution decreases effective intraoperative communication during PCNL. It is important for surgeons to understand the effect noise can have on attempted communication to prevent errors due to miscommunication. In addition, methods to decrease intraoperative noise pollution and improve communication in the OR could improve patient safety and outcomes.

These findings confirm that initial laser fiber power output is significantly influenced by cleave technique, and the ceramic scissor is the optimal tool for cleaving between procedures. However, because of rapid fiber tip degradation and power loss, this study argues against routine cleaving to improve procedural efficiency in lengthy ureteroscopy cases.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of combined ultrasound and ureteroscopic assisted access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. A greater than 99% reduction in fluoroscopy time was achieved using this technique.

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Urology trainees can quickly learn to identify anatomic landmarks and assess slings on TUS with reasonable proficiency compared to an experienced attending radiologist.

The PEAL surgical paradigm demonstrates nearly scarless outcomes while providing shorter operative times and easier performance than LESS nephrectomy in a porcine model.

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