The ampacity of submarine cable circuits is strongly influenced by heat transfer in the marine environment surrounding the cable. It has been demonstrated in previous work that for high permeability sediments convective heat transfer can play a significant role using both bespoke two dimensional models and experimental investigations [1,2]. This paper introduces a one dimensional model which is capable of calculating cable temperatures within both convective and conductive sediments. Agreement between the one dimensional model and a two dimensional simulation was found to be within 1.5°C. The model is used to demonstrate that the ampacity of power cables may be significantly increased due to convective heat transfer. Further, the one dimensional model offers significant savings in computational time and cost compared to the two dimensional equivalent model. This allows the analysis of large DTS data sets in order to calculate: dynamic ratings; burial depths; and the long-term (annual to decadal) performance of the cable.
A material with high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength at elevated temperatures is required for certain aerospace applications. Copper based alloys precipitation hardened with near zero solubility phases are candidate materials. Utilizing rapid solidification technology, elements such as Cr and Nb can be dissolved into liquid copper and fully precipitated out in the solid state. However, such elemental precipitates readily coarsen at elevated temperatures. The aim of this work was to create a more stable refractory metal intermetallic phase, C2Nb, in an essentially pure copper matrix via melt spinning.Ribbon was produced by induction melting a master alloy in an alumina crucible with a hole diameter of 1 mm (0.040-inch) using a graphite susceptor under an argon atmosphere. The alloy was heated to 1593°C (2900°F)and ejected onto a Cu wheel with a surface velocity of 20 m/s using a pressure of 0.07 MPa (10 psi). The resulting composition of the ribbon was 1.95 a/o Cr and 0.48 a/o Nb as determined by bulk spectrographic analysis.
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