Fibrin sealants derived from human blood can be used in tissue engineering to assist in the repair of bone defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the support system formed by a xenograft fibrin sealant associated with photobiomodulation therapy of critical defects in rat calvaria. Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups: BC (n = 8), defect filled with blood clot; FSB (n = 10), filled with fibrin sealant and xenograft; BCPBMT (n = 8), blood clot and photobiomodulation; FSBPBMT (n = 10), fibrin sealant, xenograft, and photobiomodulation. The animals were killed after 14 and 42 days. In the histological and microtomographic analysis, new bone formation was observed in all groups, limited to the defect margins, and without complete wound closure. In the FSB group, bone formation increased between periods (4.3 ± 0.46 to 6.01 ± 0.32), yet with lower volume density when compared to the FSBPBMT (5.6 ± 0.45 to 10.64 ± 0.97) group. It was concluded that the support system formed by the xenograft fibrin sealant associated with the photobiomodulation therapy protocol had a positive effect on the bone repair process.

SUMMARYThe soil CO 2 emission has high spatial variability because it depends strongly on soil properties. The purpose of this study was to (i) characterize the spatial variability of soil respiration and related properties, (ii) evaluate the accuracy of results of the ordinary kriging method and sequential Gaussian simulation, and (iii) evaluate the uncertainty in predicting the spatial variability of soil CO 2 emission and other properties using sequential Gaussian simulations. The study was conducted in a sugarcane area, using a regular sampling grid with 141 points, where soil CO 2 emission, soil temperature, air-filled pore space, soil organic matter and soil bulk density were evaluated. All variables showed spatial dependence structure. The soil CO 2 emission was positively correlated with organic matter (r = 0.25, p < 0.05) and air-filled pore space (r = 0.27, p < 0.01) and negatively with soil bulk density (r = -0.41, p < 0.01). However, when the estimated spatial values were considered, the air-filled pore space was the variable mainly responsible for the spatial characteristics of soil respiration, with a correlation of 0.26 (p < 0.01). For all variables, individual simulations represented the cumulative distribution functions and variograms better than ordinary kriging and E-type estimates. The greatest uncertainties in predicting soil CO 2 emission were associated with areas with the highest estimated values, which produced estimates from 0.18 to 1.85 t CO 2 ha -1 , according to the different scenarios considered. The knowledge of the uncertainties generated by the different scenarios can be used in inventories (r = 0,25, p < 0,05) e a porosidade livre de água (r = 0,27, p <0,01) e negativa com a densidade do solo (r = -0,41, p < 0,01)

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RESUMOAs tecnologias de agricultura de precisão, como o uso da variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo, vêm sendo muito estudadas para a cultura de cana-de-açúcar. Dentre essas tecnologias se destaca o uso de índices de vegetação derivados de produtos de sensoriamento remoto, como poderosas ferramentas indicadoras do desenvolvimento da vegetação. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, analisar a variabilidade espacial dos teores de argila, fósforo e o pH de um Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo em área com produção de cana-de-açúcar e correlacioná-los com o índice espectral de vegetação (NDVI). Foram estudados, a partir de uma malha georreferenciada, os atributos do solo (argila, fósforo e pH) e gerados mapas de variabilidade espacial. Para esses mesmos locais calculou-se o NDVI possibilitando, além do mapeamento deste índice, a avaliação da correlação espacial entre este e as demais propriedades em estudo. A argila e o teor de fósforo apresentaram correlação espacial positiva com o NDVI enquanto nenhuma correlação espacial foi observada com o pH. A imagem do sensor ETM+ do satélite Landsat 5 utilizada neste estudo em relação ao NDVI, apresentou boa aplicação para observar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos estudados. Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, variabilidade espacial, argila, pH, fósforo Spatial correlation of the vegetation index (NDVI)of a Landsat/ETM+ images with soil attributes ABSTRACT The precision agriculture technologies such as the spatial variability of soil attributes have been widely studied mostly with sugarcane. Among these technologies have been recently highlighted the use of the vegetation index derived from remote sensing products, such as powerful tools indicating the development of vegetation. This study aimed to analyze the spatial variability of clay content, pH and phosphorus in an Oxisol in an area with sugarcane production, and correlate with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The georeferenced grid was created for the soil properties (clay, phosphorus and pH) and generated the maps of spatial variability. For these same sites were calculated the NDVI, in addition to mapping of this ratio, the evaluation of the spatial correlation between this and other studied properties. The clay and phosphorus content showed positive spatial correlation with the NDVI, while no spatial correlation was observed between NDVI and pH. The satellite images from the sensor ETM + Landsat were used to correlate to NDVI to observe the spatial variability of the studied attributes.

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