HIV infection had an unexpectedly large association with the outcome of falciparum malaria in a region of unstable transmission. Both diseases are widespread in Africa and these results add to the body of knowledge suggesting an interaction of significant public health importance between HIV and malaria in Africa.
HIV infection was associated with severe/complicated malaria, although the magnitude of the effect may be relatively small. Given that both malaria and HIV are widespread in Africa, even small effects may generate significant morbidity and mortality and major public health consequences.
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for all adults with TB, irrespective of HIV status, in an area of high HIV seroprevalence may be a feasible, safe and effective way to reduce mortality for the duration of treatment.
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