Mangifera indica Linn popularly known as mango is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic composition of lyophilized extract of mango leaf (MIE), to evaluate the antioxidant activity on several oxidative stress systems (DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, and ABTS), the spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, and intestinal protective effect on oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rat ileum. Twenty-nine metabolites were identified and characterized based on their ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry, these include: benzophenone derivatives, xanthones, phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavonoids and procyanidins. Extract demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in in-vitro assays. MIE relaxed (p < 0.001) intestinal segments of rat pre-contracted with acetylcholine (ACh) (10−5 M). Pre-incubation of intestinal segments with 100 µg/mL MIE significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the contraction to H2O2. Similar effects were observed with mangiferin and quercetin (10−5 M; p < 0.05) but not for gallic acid. Chronic treatment of rats with MIE (50 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the H2O2-induced contractions. MIE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, which could contribute to its use as an alternative for the management of several intestinal diseases related to oxidative stress.
Around the world, thousands of women use the Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) to relieve menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, genitourinary changes, sexual dysfunction, mood disorders, bone loss, and metabolic changes. 1 However, the use of HRT in chronic non-communicable diseases remains controversial. 2 That means, HRT does not always ameliorate these symptoms in menopausal women because the pathophysiological basis are complex and the root of disease is not only due to hypoestrogenemia. 3 Clinical evidence for the use of HRT is generally related to people living at sea level, but not in the highlands. Under chronic hypoxia, reproductive age females show lower serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin than those living at sea level. 4 These decreasing female sex hormones are usually associated with late menarche and early menopause. 5 Research is often focused on the
The hypocotyls of Lepidium meyenii (Red Maca) were collected in September 2018 in the district of Carhuamayo, Province of Junin at 4000 m above sea level, in the Valle Mantaro, Peru. Once collected, the specimen was identified from the "Herbarium Truxillense de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de ABSTRACT Introduction: Lepidium meyenii, known with the vernacular name of "Maca" , is a Brassicaceae family that has been widely used by Peruvian traditional medicine in cases of sexual dysfunction, memory loss, and several other diseases and pathologies. Objetive: The aim of the study was to test the potential effects of aqueous extract of Red Maca (AQ-RM) on antidepressant-like behavioral in male rats and spatial memory in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods: Forced swimming test was used to examine the potential antidepressant AQ-RM activity in male rats. Fluoxetine and amitryptiline were included as reference drugs. Morris Water Maze test was employed to examine the effect of AQ-RM on spatial memory in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Such effects were compared to exogenous estradiol administration. The potential role of oxidative stress on spatial memory loss was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in rats brain homogenates. Results: AQ-RM enhances swimming and climbing activities while reducing the time of immobility in male rats. Meanwhile, it prevents the decrease in the time spent in the target quadrant and displays higher values in the number of crossings in OVX-rats as compared to OVX-control rats. MDA levels in brain homogenates were decreased in OVX-rats receiving AQ-RM. Conclusion: Oral administration of AQ-RM has anti-depressive application in male rats; and increases the ability of learning and memory in OVX rats.
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